Climate change is an urgent challenge in urban planning. Weather extremes and resulting impacts such as heat waves and flash floods are already influencing the quality of life in cities and impact on infrastructure, human health and city life. In this study, we investigated perception of and economic preferences for adaptation to climate change in one of Europe’s capital cities to inform its planning policy. Through a choice experiment, we elicit the preferences of a sample (n = 550) from Prague, Czech Republic, for a citywide policy which would increase the use of six commonly used nature-based solutions (NBS) in public spaces and on public buildings across the city. Three attributes were used to describe this policy: (i) the locations where NBS would predominantly be implemented, (ii) the species diversity of these measures, and (iii) their implied costs for households. Our results showed that the NBS policy is widely supported by the public over the status quo and that this preference is mirrored in citizens’ concerns about climate change and the risks posed by heatwaves particularly. Species diversity matters in the portrayed scenarios, suggesting that (bio)diverse NBS generate additional public value over single species measures and that policy which targets biodiversity may gain support. Implementation of NBS in public spaces (e.g., street trees, rain gardens) is preferred over measures implemented on public buildings (green roofs and facades). Furthermore, adverse experiences with heatwaves has increased support for the policy. The presented results provide evidence that adaptation planning through NBS is likely to generate significant public value which is expected to increase with the intensifying effects of climate change.

气候变化是城市规划中的一项紧迫挑战。极端天气和由此产生的影响，例如热浪和山洪暴发，已经在影响城市的生活质量，并对基础设施、人类健康和城市生活产生影响。在这项研究中，我们调查了欧洲首都之一对适应气候变化的看法和经济偏好，以告知其规划政策。通过选择实验，我们引出了来自捷克共和国布拉格的样本 (n = 550) 对全市政策的偏好，该政策将增加六种常用的基于自然的解决方案 (NBS) 在公共空间和公共建筑中的使用整个城市。使用三个属性来描述该政策：(i) 主要实施 NBS 的地点，(ii) 这些措施的物种多样性，(iii) 它们对家庭的隐含成本。我们的结果表明，国家统计局的政策在现状上得到了公众的广泛支持，这种偏好反映在公民对气候变化和热浪带来的风险的担忧上。物种多样性在所描绘的情景中很重要，这表明（生物）多样性 NBS 比单一物种措施产生额外的公共价值，并且针对生物多样性的政策可能会获得支持。在公共空间（例如行道树、雨水花园）实施 NBS 优于在公共建筑（绿色屋顶和立面）上实施的措施。此外，热浪带来的不利经历增加了对该政策的支持。