The automotive industry has represented an important sector of industrial development worldwide. With technology growth, vehicles have been equipped with various devices that allow them to perform different functions, increase autonomy level, and give drivers greater confidence and comfort. In this sense, data security is a fundamental feature since access to car functionalities needs to be protected from outsiders, only allowing access to authorized users. It means to guarantee data security through communication buses even when connecting from external devices. Therefore, it is necessary to design new security techniques that increase the confidentiality and improve authentication in new vehicles.

Although at first, automotive communication protocols did not include security mechanisms, the risk of threats was always latent. Due to this, the search for new methods and architectures to improve security and autonomous functions in communication protocols has been in constant increase. New paradigms and ways to prevent, detect and mitigate attacks on automotive communication are necessary for the new challenges ahead. This article comparatively analyses the state of the art for in-vehicle communications protocols regarding a variety of algorithmic approaches based on architectural configurations and extensively compares their performance.

汽车工业已成为全球工业发展的重要部门。随着技术的发展，车辆配备了各种设备，使它们能够执行不同的功能，提高自主水平，并为驾驶员提供更大的信心和舒适度。从这个意义上说，数据安全是一项基本功能，因为需要保护对汽车功能的访问不受外界影响，只允许授权用户访问。它意味着即使从外部设备连接时，也能通过通信总线保证数据安全。因此，有必要设计新的安全技术，以增加新车的机密性并改善身份验证。

虽然起初汽车通信协议不包括安全机制，但威胁的风险总是潜在的。因此，对提高通信协议中的安全性和自治功能的新方法和架构的搜索一直在不断增加。预防、检测和减轻汽车通信攻击的新范例和方法对于未来的新挑战是必要的。本文比较分析了基于架构配置的各种算法方法的车载通信协议的最新技术，并广泛比较了它们的性能。