Microchimica Acta ( IF 5.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-02 , DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04963-2 Rajesh Ahirwar 1
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Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is one of the key molecular targets in breast cancer pathogenesis. Overexpression and/or amplification of HER2 in approximately 15–20% of breast cancer patients is associated with high mortality and poor prognosis. Accumulating evidence shows that accurate and sensitive detection of HER2 improves the survival outcomes for HER2-positive breast cancer patients from targeted therapies. The current methods of clinical determination of HER2 expression levels are based on slide-based assays that rely on invasively collected primary tumours. Alternatively, ELISA-based detection of the shredded HER2 extracellular domain (HER2-ECD) of has been suggested as a surrogate method for monitoring disease progress and treatment response in breast cancer patients. In the past decade, biosensors have emerged as an alternative modality for the detection of circulating HER2-ECD in human serum samples. In particular, electrochemical biosensors based on nanomaterials and antibodies and aptamers have been increasingly developed as promising tools for rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective detection of HER2-ECD. These biosensors harness the high affinity and specificity of antibodies and aptamers, and unique conductive properties, biocompatibility, large surface area, and chemical stability of nanomaterials for selective and sensitive assessment of the HER2. This review provides an overview of the recent advances in the application of nanomaterials-based immunosensors and aptasensors for detection of circulating HER2-ECD. In particular, various electrochemical techniques, detection approaches, and nanomaterials are discussed. Further, analytical figures of merit of various HER2 immunosensors and aptasensors are compared. Finally, possible challenges and potential opportunities for biosensor-based detection of HER2-ECD are discussed.
Graphical abstract
中文翻译：
基于纳米材料的电化学免疫传感器和适体传感器在乳腺癌 HER2 评估中的最新进展
人表皮生长因子受体 2 (HER2) 是乳腺癌发病机制中的关键分子靶点之一。大约 15-20% 的乳腺癌患者中 HER2 的过度表达和/或扩增与高死亡率和不良预后相关。越来越多的证据表明，对 HER2 进行准确和灵敏的检测可以提高靶向治疗的 HER2 阳性乳腺癌患者的生存结果。目前临床测定 HER2 表达水平的方法是基于基于玻片的分析，该分析依赖于侵入性收集的原发性肿瘤。或者，已建议基于 ELISA 的 HER2 细胞外结构域 (HER2-ECD) 检测作为监测乳腺癌患者疾病进展和治疗反应的替代方法。在过去的十年里，生物传感器已成为检测人血清样本中循环 HER2-ECD 的替代方式。特别是，基于纳米材料和抗体和适体的电化学生物传感器已越来越多地被开发为用于快速、灵敏和经济高效地检测 HER2-ECD 的有前景的工具。这些生物传感器利用抗体和适体的高亲和力和特异性，以及独特的导电特性、生物相容性、大表面积和纳米材料的化学稳定性，用于选择性和灵敏地评估 HER2。本综述概述了基于纳米材料的免疫传感器和适体传感器在检测循环 HER2-ECD 中的应用的最新进展。特别是讨论了各种电化学技术、检测方法和纳米材料。更远，比较了各种 HER2 免疫传感器和适体传感器的分析品质因数。最后，讨论了基于生物传感器的 HER2-ECD 检测的可能挑战和潜在机遇。
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