Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membrane structures enclosing proteins, lipids, RNAs, metabolites, growth factors, and cytokines. EVs have emerged as essential intercellular communication regulators in multiple physiological and pathological processes. Previous studies revealed that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could either support or suppress tumor progression in different cancers by paracrine signaling via MSC-derived EVs. Evidence suggested that MSC-derived EVs could mimic their parental cells, possessing pro-tumor and anti-tumor effects, and inherent tumor tropism. Therefore, MSC-derived EVs can be a cell-free cancer treatment alternative. This review discusses different insights regarding MSC-derived EVs' roles in cancer treatment and summarizes bioengineered MSC-derived EVs’ applications as safe and versatile anti-tumor agent delivery platforms. Meanwhile, current hurdles of moving MSC-derived EVs from bench to bedside are also discussed.

中文翻译：

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间充质干细胞衍生的细胞外囊泡在癌症中的治疗作用

细胞外囊泡 (EV) 是细胞衍生的膜结构，包裹着蛋白质、脂质、RNA、代谢物、生长因子和细胞因子。EV 已成为多种生理和病理过程中必不可少的细胞间通讯调节剂。先前的研究表明，间充质干细胞 (MSCs) 可以通过 MSC 衍生的 EVs 的旁分泌信号支持或抑制不同癌症的肿瘤进展。有证据表明，MSC 衍生的 EV 可以模拟它们的亲本细胞，具有促肿瘤和抗肿瘤作用，以及固有的肿瘤趋向性。因此，MSC 衍生的 EV 可以成为无细胞癌症治疗的替代方案。这篇评论讨论了关于 MSC 衍生的电动汽车的不同见解 在癌症治疗中的作用，并总结了生物工程 MSC 衍生的 EV 作为安全和多功能的抗肿瘤药物递送平台的应用。同时，还讨论了将 MSC 衍生的 EV 从工作台转移到床边的当前障碍。