The nature of the self: Neural analyses and heritability estimates of self-evaluations in middle childhood,Human Brain Mapping

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The nature of the self: Neural analyses and heritability estimates of self-evaluations in middle childhood
Human Brain Mapping ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-03 , DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25641
Lina van Drunen _{1,

2,

3,

4} , Simone Dobbelaar _{1,

2,

3,

4} , Renske van der Cruijsen _{2,

4} , Mara van der Meulen _{1,

3,

4} , Michelle Achterberg _{1,

2,

4} , Lara M Wierenga _{1,

3,

4} , Eveline A Crone _{1,

2,

4}

Affiliation

How neural correlates of self-concept are influenced by environmental versus genetic factors is currently not fully understood. We investigated heritability estimates of behavioral and neural correlates of self-concept in middle childhood since this phase is an important time window for taking on new social roles in academic and social contexts. To do so, a validated self-concept fMRI task was applied in a twin sample of 345 participants aged between 7 and 9 years. In the self-concept condition, participants were asked to indicate whether academic and social traits applied to them whereas the control condition required trait categorization. The self-processing activation analyses (n = 234) revealed stronger medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) activation for self than for control conditions. This effect was more pronounced for social-self than academic self-traits, whereas stronger dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) activation was observed for academic versus social self-evaluations. Behavioral genetic modeling (166 complete twin pairs) revealed that 25–52% of the variation in academic self-evaluations was explained by genetic factors, whereas 16–49% of the variation in social self-evaluations was explained by shared environmental factors. Neural genetic modeling (91 complete twin pairs) for variation in mPFC and anterior prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation for academic self-evaluations confirmed genetic and unique environmental influences, whereas anterior PFC activation for social self-evaluations was additionally influenced by shared environmental influences. This indicates that environmental context possibly has a larger impact on the behavioral and neural correlates of social self-concept at a young age. This is the first study demonstrating in a young twin sample that self-concept depends on both genetic and environmental factors, depending on the specific domain.

中文翻译：

自我的本质：儿童中期自我评价的神经分析和遗传力估计

自我概念的神经相关性如何受环境与遗传因素的影响目前尚不完全清楚。我们调查了儿童中期自我概念的行为和神经相关性的遗传力估计，因为这个阶段是在学术和社会环境中承担新社会角色的重要时间窗口。为此，一项经过验证的自我概念 fMRI 任务应用于 345 名年龄在 7 至 9 岁之间的双胞胎样本。在自我概念条件下，参与者被要求指出学术和社会特征是否适用于他们，而控制条件需要特征分类。自我处理激活分析（n = 234) 显示自我的内侧前额叶皮层 (mPFC) 激活比控制条件更强。这种效应对于社会自我比学术自我特征更明显，而在学术自我评估与社会自我评估中观察到更强的背外侧前额叶皮层 (DLPFC) 激活。行为遗传模型（166 对完整的双胞胎）显示，学术自我评价的 25-52% 的变化是由遗传因素解释的，而社会自我评价的 16-49% 的变化是由共同的环境因素解释的。用于学术自我评估的 mPFC 变异和前额叶前皮质 (PFC) 激活的神经遗传模型（91 对完整的双胞胎）证实了遗传和独特的环境影响，而用于社会自我评估的前 PFC 激活还受到共同环境影响的影响。这表明环境背景可能对年轻时社会自我概念的行为和神经相关性有更大的影响。这是第一项在年轻双胞胎样本中证明自我概念取决于遗传和环境因素的研究，具体取决于特定领域。

更新日期：2021-11-01

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