In a simultaneous discrimination, pigeons are presumed to learn to about the correct stimulus, but they may also learn to avoid the incorrect stimulus. Similarly, in a conditional discrimination, they are presumed to learn about the relation between the sample stimulus and the correct comparison stimulus but not about the incorrect comparison stimulus. In the present research, we encouraged pigeons to learn about the incorrect comparison stimulus by increasing, over trials, the number of correct comparison stimuli with one sample, to compare with increasing the number of incorrect comparison stimuli over trials with the other sample. In Experiment 1, using colors and shapes, we found no difference in acquisition between the 2 sample types. However, when we replaced either the correct or incorrect comparison from training with a novel stimulus, the pigeons showed that they had learned to avoid the incorrect comparison when there were multiple correct comparisons and to select the single correct comparison when there were multiple incorrect comparisons. In Experiment 2, using national flags as stimuli, when tested with a novel flag stimulus, once again, the pigeons learned about the single correct comparison but not about the multiple incorrect comparisons. However, with the other sample, they appeared to learn about both the multiple correct comparisons and about the single incorrect comparison. This research indicates that pigeons can show considerable flexibility in what they learn in a conditional discrimination. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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灵活的条件判别学习：鸽子可以学习选择正确的比较刺激，拒绝不正确的比较，或两者兼而有之。

在同时判别中，假定鸽子学会了正确的刺激，但它们也可能学会避免不正确的刺激。类似地，在条件判别中，假定他们了解样本刺激与正确比较刺激之间的关系，但不了解不正确的比较刺激。在目前的研究中，我们鼓励鸽子通过增加一个样本的正确比较刺激的数量来了解不正确的比较刺激，以与增加的不正确比较刺激的数量与另一个样本进行比较。在实验 1 中，使用颜色和形状，我们发现 2 种样本类型之间的获取没有差异。然而，当我们用新的刺激代替训练中正确或错误的比较时，鸽子表明他们已经学会了在有多个正确比较时避免错误比较，并在有多个错误比较时选择单个正确比较。在实验 2 中，使用国旗作为刺激物，当用一种新的旗帜刺激物进行测试时，鸽子再次学习了单个正确的比较，而不是多个不正确的比较。然而，对于另一个样本，他们似乎了解了多重正确比较和单一不正确比较。这项研究表明，鸽子在有条件的歧视中可以表现出相当大的灵活性。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，保留所有权利）。