We theorized that from the perspective of U.S. Black Americans, a connection to Black ancestry-and the historical hardship associated with that ancestry-plays an important role in racial categorization. We found support for this across six studies. In Studies 1-3, participants categorized targets with Black ancestry and White experiences or targets with White ancestry and Black experiences. U.S. Black Americans' (more than non-Black Americans') racial categorizations were influenced by Black ancestry (more than by White ancestry). In Study 4, we replicated this effect under extreme conditions (e.g., even when targets had Black ancestry and were phenotypically, socially, culturally, self-identified, and advantaged as White for eighty years, U.S. Black Americans categorized them as Black). In Study 5, U.S. Black Americans were more likely than U.S. White Americans to associate their racial ancestry with hardship, and individual differences in those associations predicted the extent to which U.S. Black Americans categorized the target with Black ancestry and White experiences as Black. In Study 6, participants categorized a target with Black ancestry and ancestral hardship (i.e., their ancestors were kidnapped from Africa and experienced slavery) or a target with Black ancestry and ancestral success (i.e., their ancestors immigrated from Africa and experienced upward mobility). U.S. Black Americans (unlike U.S. White Americans) were more identified with the target with ancestral hardship. Collectively, our research suggests that from the perspective of U.S. Black Americans, the collective Black experiences of the past continue to shape the Black collective of the present. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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美国黑人种族分类中黑人的灵魂（以及黑人血统的分量）。

我们推测，从美国黑人的角度来看，与黑人血统的联系——以及与该血统相关的历史苦难——在种族分类中起着重要作用。我们在六项研究中找到了对此的支持。在研究 1-3 中，参与者将具有黑人血统和白人经历的目标或具有白人血统和黑人经历的目标分类。美国黑人（比非美国黑人）的种族分类受到黑人血统（比白人血统更多）的影响。在研究 4 中，我们在极端条件下复制了这种效果（例如，即使目标具有黑人血统，并且在表型、社会、文化、自我认同和白人优势长达八十年之久，美国黑人仍将他们归类为黑人）。在研究 5 中，美国 美国黑人比美国白人更有可能将他们的种族血统与苦难联系起来，这些联系中的个体差异预测了美国黑人将具有黑人血统和白人经历的目标归类为黑人的程度。在研究 6 中，参与者对具有黑人血统和祖先苦难的目标（即他们的祖先从非洲被绑架并经历奴隶制）或具有黑人血统和祖先成功的目标（即他们的祖先从非洲移民并经历了向上流动）进行了分类。美国黑人（与美国白人不同）对目标的认同感更强。总的来说，我们的研究表明，从美国黑人的角度来看，过去的集体黑人经历继续塑造着现在的黑人集体。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，保留所有权利）。