Anorexia nervosa is characterized by anxiety-driven behaviors, such as food avoidance and distressing persistent thoughts about weight gain and body image. The present study used a classical fear conditioning procedure to test the processes of fear acquisition and generalization, extinction, and renewal in patients with anorexia nervosa and healthy controls. An app-based fear conditioning procedure was administered remotely to 64 patients and 60 healthy controls, over two sessions. A human female scream served as the unconditioned stimulus (US) and two neutral shapes were used as either the paired conditioned stimulus (danger cue; CS+) or the unpaired conditioned stimulus (safe cue; CS-). Patients with anorexia nervosa reported greater threat expectancy in response to the danger cue during the extinction and renewal phases and overall higher levels of negative affect throughout the task, compared with controls. Future research is warranted to replicate these findings and highlight the role that anxiety plays in explaining fear conditioning responses in patients with anorexia nervosa. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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神经性厌食症和健康对照女性的恐惧调节：一项初步研究。

神经性厌食症的特征是焦虑驱动的行为，例如避免食物和对体重增加和身体形象的持续令人痛苦的想法。本研究使用经典的恐惧条件反射程序来测试神经性厌食症患者和健康对照者的恐惧获得和泛化、消退和更新的过程。对 64 名患者和 60 名健康对照者进行了两次远程应用基于应用程序的恐惧调节程序。人类女性尖叫用作非条件刺激（US），两个中性形状用作配对条件刺激（危险提示；CS+）或非配对条件刺激（安全提示；CS-）。与对照组相比，神经性厌食症患者报告了在消退和更新阶段对危险提示的反应更大的威胁预期，以及在整个任务中总体更高水平的负面影响。未来的研究有必要复制这些发现，并强调焦虑在解释神经性厌食症患者的恐惧条件反应中所起的作用。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，保留所有权利）。