Physical constraints, such as compression, shear stress, stretching and tension, play major roles during development, tissue homeostasis, immune responses and pathologies. Cells and organelles also face mechanical forces during migration and extravasation, and investigations into how mechanical forces are translated into a wide panel of biological responses, including changes in cell morphology, membrane transport, metabolism, energy production and gene expression, is a flourishing field. Recent studies demonstrate the role of macroautophagy in the integration of physical constraints. The aim of this Review is to summarize and discuss our knowledge of the role of macroautophagy in controlling a large panel of cell responses, from morphological and metabolic changes, to inflammation and senescence, for the integration of mechanical forces. Moreover, wherever possible, we also discuss the cell surface molecules and structures that sense mechanical forces upstream of macroautophagy.

中文翻译：

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自噬和组织力学之间的联系。

物理约束，如压缩、剪切应力、拉伸和张力，在发育、组织稳态、免疫反应和病理过程中发挥着重要作用。细胞和细胞器在迁移和外渗过程中也面临机械力，研究机械力如何转化为广泛的生物反应，包括细胞形态、膜转运、代谢、能量产生和基因表达的变化，是一个蓬勃发展的领域。最近的研究证明了巨自噬在整合物理约束中的作用。本综述的目的是总结和讨论我们对巨自噬在控制大量细胞反应（从形态和代谢变化到炎症和衰老以及机械力整合）中的作用的认识。而且，