Self-powered sensors based on triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are increasingly used in real-life applications, especially for monitoring water pollution, rain pH, and the like. Here, we fabricate a highly sensitive and self-powered acid rain sensor based on a TENG via a doping method. This device made of an optimum PTFE–0.07PDMS friction layer is very sensitive to proton concentrations. As an example, artificial acid rain (pH = 4) and normal water (pH = 7) droplets are used to test the responses of this developed sensor based on the TENG. Compared with the output differences (6.67 μA and 14.3 V) of a pristine device with a poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) film, the output differences of the sensor with the PTFE–0.07PDMS film are enhanced to 26.37 μA and 69.04 V. The high sensitivity is attributed to the significant improvement of surface hydrophobicity, surface roughness, and the dielectric constant. Meanwhile, the good pH sensitivity and linearity of the sensor can be applied to real-time detection of acid rain in an actual environment. In short, this work provides a feasible strategy for a real-time acid rain sensor without an extra power source.

中文翻译：

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基于由 PTFE-PDMS 复合薄膜制成的摩擦纳米发电机的实时酸雨传感器

基于摩擦纳米发电机 (TENG) 的自供电传感器越来越多地用于现实生活中，特别是用于监测水污染、雨水 pH 值等。在这里，我们通过掺杂方法制造了基于 TENG 的高灵敏度和自供电酸雨传感器。该装置由最佳 PTFE-0.07PDMS 摩擦层制成，对质子浓度非常敏感。例如，人工酸雨 (pH = 4) 和普通水 (pH = 7) 液滴用于测试基于 TENG 开发的传感器的响应。与带有聚四氟乙烯 (PTFE) 薄膜的原始器件的输出差异（6.67 μA 和 14.3 V）相比，带有 PTFE–0.07PDMS 薄膜的传感器的输出差异增强至 26.37 μA 和 69.04 V。高灵敏度归因于表面疏水性、表面粗糙度和介电常数的显着改善。同时，传感器良好的pH灵敏度和线性度可应用于实际环境中酸雨的实时检测。简而言之，这项工作为无需额外电源的实时酸雨传感器提供了一种可行的策略。