Based on fourteen months of ethnographic research on the central money exchange bazaar in Kabul, Afghanistan—Sarai Shahzada—this article examines the micro-dynamics of legal change within a close-knit community in a fragile setting. For most of its history, the bazaar has been governed by informal legal norms. New state-building measures after 2001 led to increased efforts by the state to regulate the bazaar, causing money exchangers to initiate internal transformations to protect their autonomy. While scholarship generally argues that state coercion substitutes for private legal norms, this study shows the centrality of the state in consolidating the bazaar legal system. Exchangers have cast their non-state legal system in the image of the state by formalizing new operating rules that have introduced a management structure and dispute resolution forum. New state licenses have also helped to safeguard the boundaries of the bazaar. This article contributes to private governance and legal pluralism scholarship by revealing that a private community, even in a fragile state, may be capable of maintaining an autonomous non-state legal system not in spite of, but rather by depending on, the state.

中文翻译：

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集市中的秩序：阿富汗首要货币交易市场中非国家法律的转变

本文基于对阿富汗喀布尔中央货币兑换集市——Sarai Shahzada 进行的 14 个月的民族志研究，探讨了在脆弱环境中紧密联系的社区内法律变革的微观动态。在其历史的大部分时间里，集市一直受非正式法律规范的约束。2001 年后新的国家建设措施导致国家加大了对集市的监管力度，导致货币兑换商启动内部转型以保护其自主权。虽然学术界普遍认为国家强制可以替代私人法律规范，但本研究显示了国家在巩固集市法律体系中的中心地位。交易所通过制定引入管理结构和争议解决论坛的新运营规则，将其非国家法律体系塑造成国家形象。新的州执照也有助于保护集市的边界。本文通过揭示一个私人社区，即使在一个脆弱的国家，也可能能够维持一个自治的非国家法律体系，而不是依赖于国家，从而有助于私人治理和法律多元化学术研究。