Contemporary foreign fighters (FFs) often join so-called dual-nature groups, i.e. groups that can at the same time be qualified as a non-State armed group involved in a non-international armed conflict and a terrorist organization. Both international humanitarian law and counterterrorism (CT) legislation may hence be of relevance when assessing the legality of FF conduct. The CT perspective tends to remain predominant, however. This paper argues that, especially in terms of prosecution, due regard must be paid to both legal frameworks where possible. It also argues that national prosecution in the country of origin seems to offer the best prospects for realizing such cumulative prosecution.

中文翻译：

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外国战斗人员和反恐与国际人道法之间的紧张关系：尽可能累积起诉的案例

当代外国战斗人员（FF）经常加入所谓的双重性质团体，即可以同时被认定为参与非国际性武装冲突的非国家武装团体和恐怖组织的团体。因此，在评估 FF 行为的合法性时，国际人道主义法和反恐 (CT) 立法都可能具有相关性。然而，CT 观点往往仍然占主导地位。本文认为，尤其是在起诉方面，必须在可能的情况下适当考虑这两个法律框架。它还认为，在原籍国进行国家起诉似乎为实现这种累积起诉提供了最好的前景。