Background. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder affecting mainly the population over 65 years of age. It is becoming a global health and socioeconomic problem, and the current number of patients reaching 30–50 million people will be three times higher over the next thirty years. Objective. Late diagnosis caused by decades of the asymptomatic phase and invasive and cost-demanding diagnosis are problems that make the whole situation worse. Electrochemical biosensors could be the right tool for less invasive and inexpensive early diagnosis helping to reduce spend sources— both money and time. Method. This review is a survey of the latest advances in the design of electrochemical biosensors for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Biosensors are divided according to target biomarkers. Conclusion. Standard laboratory methodology could be improved by analyzing a combination of currently estimated markers along with neurotransmitters and genetic markers from blood samples, which make the test for AD diagnosis available to the wide public.

中文翻译：

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电化学生物传感器用于阿尔茨海默病早期诊断的新趋势


背景。阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 是一种多因素进行性、不可逆的神经退行性疾病，主要影响 65 岁以上的人群。它正在成为一个全球健康和社会经济问题，目前患者数量达到 30-5000 万人，未来三十年将增加三倍。客观的。数十年的无症状期导致的晚期诊断以及侵入性且成本高昂的诊断是使整个情况变得更糟的问题。电化学生物传感器可能是微创且廉价的早期诊断的正确工具，有助于减少金钱和时间的支出。方法。这篇综述是对用于早期诊断阿尔茨海默病的电化学生物传感器设计的最新进展的调查。生物传感器根据目标生物标志物进行划分。结论。通过分析当前估计的标记物以及血液样本中的神经递质和遗传标记物的组合，可以改进标准实验室方法，这使得 AD 诊断测试可供广大公众使用。