A novel thermal management system including wavy/stair channel liquid cooling and copper sheath is developed and studied experimentally in this investigation to control the temperature of cylindrical lithium-ion batteries. The influences of different variables on cooling performance during charge/discharge operations are investigated: C-rate, alumina nanoparticle concentration, inflow velocity, and stair channel geometry. The experiments are conducted with two volume fractions of 1% and 2%. With increasing the concentration of alumina nanoparticles in the deionized water, the maximum temperature and temperature difference reduced remarkably. Also, the non-uniformity of the temperature is reduced, while an increase in the inflow velocity results in reducing the peak temperature and temperature non-uniformity. Additionally, to control the cooling capacity and temperature distribution inside a battery pack, a new method—liquid cooling lithium-ion battery thermal management system—is developed based on the stair channel cooling. The stair channel reduced the maximum temperature and temperature non-uniformity of the battery pack under 5C discharge process compared to the straight channel by about 3.59 K and 0.65 K, respectively. The results show that these approaches can reduce the maximum temperature and temperature non-uniformity of the battery pack under 5C discharge/charge operations to values lower than 305.13 K and 2.01 K, respectively.

在这项研究中，开发并实验研究了一种包括波浪形/阶梯式通道液体冷却和铜护套在内的新型热管理系统，以控制圆柱形锂离子电池的温度。研究了充电/放电操作期间不同变量对冷却性能的影响：C 速率、氧化铝纳米颗粒浓度、流入速度和阶梯通道几何形状。实验以 1% 和 2% 两种体积分数进行。随着去离子水中氧化铝纳米粒子浓度的增加，最高温度和温差显着减小。此外，温度的不均匀性降低，而流入速度的增加导致峰值温度和温度不均匀性的降低。此外，为了控制电池组内部的冷却能力和温度分布，基于阶梯通道冷却开发了一种新方法——液冷锂离子电池热管理系统。与直通道相比，阶梯通道使电池组在 5C 放电过程下的最高温度和温度不均匀性分别降低了约 3.59 K 和 0.65 K。结果表明，这些方法可以将电池组在 5C 放电/充电操作下的最高温度和温度不均匀性分别降低到低于 305.13 K 和 2.01 K 的值。与直通道相比，阶梯通道使电池组在 5C 放电过程下的最高温度和温度不均匀性分别降低了约 3.59 K 和 0.65 K。结果表明，这些方法可以将电池组在 5C 放电/充电操作下的最高温度和温度不均匀性分别降低到低于 305.13 K 和 2.01 K 的值。与直通道相比，阶梯通道使电池组在 5C 放电过程下的最高温度和温度不均匀性分别降低了约 3.59 K 和 0.65 K。结果表明，这些方法可以将电池组在 5C 放电/充电操作下的最高温度和温度不均匀性分别降低到低于 305.13 K 和 2.01 K 的值。