Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is associated with fear of negative evaluation and heightened performance monitoring. The best-established treatments help only a subset of patients, and there are no well-established predictors of treatment response. The current study investigated whether individual differences in processing errors might predict response to gaze-contingent music reward therapy (GC-MRT). At baseline, healthy control subjects (HC; n = 20) and adults with SAD (n = 29), ages 19–43 years, completed the Flanker Task while electroencephalography (EEG) data were recorded. SAD participants then received up to 12 sessions over 8 weeks of GC-MRT, designed to train participants’ attention away from threatening and toward neutral faces. Clinical assessments were completed 9- (post-treatment) and 20-weeks (follow-up) after initiating the treatment. At baseline, compared to HC, SAD performed the task more accurately and exhibited increased error-related negativity (ERN) and delta power to error commission. After controlling for age and baseline symptoms, more negative ERN and increased frontal midline theta (FMT) predicted reduced self-reported social anxiety symptoms at post-treatment, and FMT also predicted clinician-rated and self-reported symptom reduction at the follow-up assessment. Hypervigilance to error is characteristic of SAD and warrants further research as a predictor of treatment response for GC-MRT.

社交焦虑症 (SAD) 与害怕负面评价和加强绩效监控有关。最成熟的治疗方法只能帮助一部分患者，并且没有公认的治疗反应预测因子。目前的研究调查了处理错误的个体差异是否可以预测对注视条件音乐奖励疗法 (GC-MRT) 的反应。在基线时，健康对照受试者（HC；n = 20）和患有 SAD 的成年人（n = 29），年龄 19-43 岁，在记录脑电图（EEG）数据的同时完成了侧卫任务。然后，SAD 参与者在 8 周的 GC-MRT 中接受了多达 12 次会议，旨在训练参与者的注意力从威胁性的面孔转向中性面孔。临床评估在开始治疗后 9 周（治疗后）和 20 周（随访）完成。在基线时，与 HC 相比，SAD 更准确地执行任务，并表现出增加的错误相关负性 (ERN) 和错误委托的增量功率。在控制了年龄和基线症状后，更多的负 ERN 和增加的额叶中线 theta (FMT) 预测治疗后自我报告的社交焦虑症状减少，并且 FMT 还预测临床医生评估和自我报告的后续症状减少评估。对错误高度警惕是 SAD 的特征，值得进一步研究作为 GC-MRT 治疗反应的预测因子。更多的负 ERN 和增加的额叶中线 theta (FMT) 预测治疗后自我报告的社交焦虑症状减少，并且 FMT 还预测后续评估中临床医生评定和自我报告的症状减少。对错误高度警惕是 SAD 的特征，值得进一步研究作为 GC-MRT 治疗反应的预测因子。更多的负 ERN 和增加的额叶中线 theta (FMT) 预测治疗后自我报告的社交焦虑症状减少，并且 FMT 还预测后续评估中临床医生评定和自我报告的症状减少。对错误高度警惕是 SAD 的特征，值得进一步研究作为 GC-MRT 治疗反应的预测因子。