This study examined meteorological effects on airborne concentrations of particulate matter (PM) of <2.5 μm (PM_2.5) and 2.5–10 μm (PM_2.5–10) diameter in 16 regions of Korea, including seven metropolitan cities and nine provinces. Regional distributions of mean PM concentrations indicate that PM_2.5 concentrations were higher in provinces than in metropolitan cities, while PM_2.5–10 concentrations were higher in the western than eastern regions, in the season with the highest concentrations during 2015–2019. Concentrations of PM of diameter <10 μm (PM₁₀), the sum of fine and coarse PMs, decreased over all regions during 2001–2019, particularly in Seoul, the capital of Korea. Mechanisms by which meteorological factors such as air temperature, wind, humidity, and air pressure control PM concentrations in Korea vary with region, season, and PM size. Regardless of emissions, >25% of PM_2.5 variability can be explained by Random Forest regression with only atmospheric variables, compared to little accountability for PM_2.5–10. The two most important variables that affect PM_2.5 variability are surface air temperature and wind. Transboundary transport controlled by atmospheric factors causes fine PM from northeast and east China to affect PM_2.5 variations a day after emissions in the northern-central and southern regions of Korea, respectively; and coarse PM from east China affects PM_2.5–10 variations in Korea on the same day. The present results suggest that local governments of regions with high PM concentrations should strengthen regulation policies with a long-term perspective, considering future changes in atmospheric conditions that may cause increases in PM levels.

本研究调查了气象对韩国 16 个地区（包括 7 个大城市和 9 个省）中小于 2.5 μm (PM _2.5 ) 和 2.5-10 μm (PM _2.5-10 ) 直径的颗粒物 (PM) 浓度的气象影响。PM 平均浓度的区域分布表明，PM _2.5浓度在省份中高于大城市，而 PM _2.5-10浓度在西部地区高于东部地区，是 2015-2019 年浓度最高的季节。直径 <10 μm (PM ₁₀)，即细颗粒物和粗颗粒物的总和在 2001-2019 年间在所有地区都下降，尤其是在韩国首都首尔。韩国气温、风、湿度、气压等气象因素控制 PM 浓度的机制因地区、季节和 PM 大小而异。无论排放量如何，> 25% 的 PM _2.5变异可以通过仅使用大气变量的随机森林回归来解释，相比之下，PM _{2.5-10 的}责任很小。影响 PM _2.5变异性的两个最重要的变量是地表气温和风。受大气因素控制的跨界运输导致来自东北和华东地区的细颗粒物PM影响PM _2.5韩国中北部和南部地区排放后一天的变化；来自华东的粗颗粒物影响韩国当天PM _2.5-10的变化。目前的结果表明，PM2.5 高浓度地区的地方政府应从长远角度加强监管政策，考虑到未来大气条件的变化可能导致 PM 水平的增加。