Immune-mediated demyelination is a rare posttransplant complication. Here, we report an 8.5-year-old boy who developed left hemiparesis, 18 months post matched sibling donor hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) for relapsed acute myeloid leukemia and was diagnosed to have tumefactive demyelination. The diagnosis was established based on clinical and radiological features. The complete resolution of the lesions with steroids further established the immune-mediated pathophysiology.

中文翻译：

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儿科肿瘤性脱髓鞘：造血干细胞移植的一种不寻常的晚期神经系统并发症

免疫介导的脱髓鞘是一种罕见的移植后并发症。在这里，我们报告了一名 8.5 岁男孩，他在匹配同胞供体造血干细胞移植 (HSCT) 后 18 个月出现左侧偏瘫，以治疗复发性急性髓细胞白血病，并被诊断为肿瘤性脱髓鞘。诊断基于临床和放射学特征。用类固醇完全消退病变进一步确立了免疫介导的病理生理学。