This review covers a recently published book, edited by Prof. Ali Fares, Endowed Professor of Water Security at Prairie View A&M University in Texas, USA, and entitled Climate Change and Extreme Events. The book consists of 12 chapters that include several citations and illustrations. The chapters are authored by experts in the fields of atmospheric, hydrology, and climate sciences and cover a diverse array of topics. The book offers a thorough review of the issue of climate change and its various adverse effects. The book distinguishes between two main categories of climate effects: the first is focused on the atmospheric, and the second is centered around the hydrological processes. Then, the book goes beyond documenting the impact of climate change to discuss adaptation and mitigation techniques. The examination of the content of the book revealed three core ideas. First, the analysis of hydrological and meteorological processes reveals a significant impact of climate change. Second, the modeling of multiscale processes that cover local, regional, and global scales and their interactions is critical to understand the exact impact of climate change. Then, selecting the appropriate mitigation, adaption, and governance strategies is essential to address the long-and short-term impacts of climate change. The 12 different chapters of the book are well written, and well structured.

The first chapter, Chapter 1, is key for the overall understanding of the scope of the book and its structure. The chapter is led by the book editor. It includes an overview summary of the 12 chapters. Chapter 1 refers to the complexity of the issue of climate change and extreme events, which requires a multidisciplinary approach to address it. This introduction sets the overall scope of the book and paves the way for the different sections of the chapter.

The first section covers the issue of climate change and extreme events from the angle of meteorological processes, which is addressed in Chapters 2, 3, and 4. Chapter 2 highlights the importance of studying the regional climate impacts and simulating regional climate change. In Chapter 3, the in-depth overview of extreme river temperature led to the conclusion that an increase in water temperature of up to 2°C is projected, and that such increase is expected to be more frequent by 2100. An important statement in Chapter 4 encourages coupling the study of sever convective storms with the expanding footprint of the built environment, which combines risk and exposure for a better estimation of disaster potential.

In its second part, the book puts an emphasis on hydrological processes in the context of climate change. In Chapter 5, the authors address the increase in patterns of precipitation extremes and discussed its impact on ecosystems in general. They stated that net primary productivity will be more sensitive to precipitation extremes in dry regions as compared with wet regions. Chapter 6 describes flood early warning systems, which are forced by various observations from dense rain gauges networks, meteorological radar networks like NEXRAD, and satellite data. The authors underline the complexity of the development of flood warning systems and the need for more frequent and reliable observations of additional key hydrological variables like soil moisture (Fares et al., 2013).

The third section of the book is rich with climate change solutions and includes six chapters starting from Chapter 7 and ending with Chapter 12. The section is dedicated to the topics of mitigation, adaptation, and governance. Chapters 7 and 8 both agree on the importance of infrastructure design and its integration with climate science. In Chapter 9, the case of coastal cities and their exposure to sea level rise is addressed. The authors state that it is critical to combine soft and hard solutions to address both long and short-term impacts of climate change. The issue of governance in climate change mitigation and adaption is thoroughly discussed in Chapters 10 and 11. The former stresses on the usefulness of the concept of multilevel governance, whereas the latter addresses local climate mitigation in the United States. The discussion of multilevel governance in Chapter 10 shows the limitation of the current governance measures. Chapter 12 covers the risk of the electrical power grid and suggests a list of measures to manage the risk like investing in pre-hazard resilience strategies, combining resilience strategies, and setting a global optimum resilience enhancement plan.

After careful examination of the book and its content, it is observed that it meets its objectives—understanding the impact of climate change and extreme events on various sectors of society. This book delivers a comprehensive summary of the issue of climate change with focus on atmospheric and hydrological processes. A possible expansion of the book's content could be to address oceanic processes. Another possible development may cover the idea of coupling of land–atmosphere–ocean processes in climate studies (Temimi et al, 2020; Wehbe et al, 2019 ) that is in line with the recommendation, in Chapter 1, of adopting multidisciplinarity when studying climate change.

Overall, the large communities of scientists active in the fields of hydrology and atmospheric sciences will benefit from the book and its content, and the in-depth explanations is offers on climate change impacts on hydrometeorological variability. The last section of the book on the mitigation, adaption, and governance is relevant for diverse spectrum of readers ranging from academics to decision-makers in governmental agencies and local authorities.

这篇评论涵盖了最近出版的一本书，由美国德克萨斯州草原景观农工大学水安全教授 Ali Fares 教授编辑，标题为气候变化和极端事件. 本书共 12 章，其中包括若干引文和插图。这些章节由大气、水文和气候科学领域的专家撰写，涵盖了各种主题。这本书全面回顾了气候变化问题及其各种不利影响。本书将气候影响分为两大类：第一类关注大气，第二类关注水文过程。然后，这本书不仅记录了气候变化的影响，还讨论了适应和缓解技术。对本书内容的考察揭示了三个核心思想。首先，对水文和气象过程的分析揭示了气候变化的重大影响。其次，覆盖局部的多尺度过程建模，区域和全球尺度及其相互作用对于了解气候变化的确切影响至关重要。然后，选择适当的缓解、适应和治理策略对于解决气候变化的长期和短期影响至关重要。本书的 12 个不同章节写得很好，结构也很好。

第 1 章是全面理解本书范围及其结构的关键。本章由本书编辑领导。它包括 12 章的概述摘要。第 1 章涉及气候变化和极端事件问题的复杂性，需要采用多学科方法来解决。这个介绍设定了本书的整体范围，并为本章的不同部分铺平了道路。

第一部分从气象过程的角度讨论气候变化和极端事件问题，在第 2、3 和 4 章中讨论。第 2 章强调研究区域气候影响和模拟区域气候变化的重要性。在第 3 章中，对极端河流温度的深入概述得出的结论是，预计水温最多会升高 2°C，并且预计到 2100 年这种升高会更加频繁。 4 鼓励将强对流风暴的研究与建筑环境的扩大足迹结合起来，将风险和暴露结合起来，以更好地估计灾害潜力。

在第二部分，该书强调了气候变化背景下的水文过程。在第 5 章中，作者讨论了极端降水模式的增加，并讨论了其对生态系统的总体影响。他们表示，与潮湿地区相比，干旱地区的净初级生产力对极端降水更为敏感。第 6 章描述了洪水预警系统，该系统由密集雨量计网络、气象雷达网络（如 NEXRAD）和卫星数据的各种观测结果所驱动。作者强调了洪水预警系统开发的复杂性，以及对土壤湿度等其他关键水文变量进行更频繁和更可靠观测的必要性（Fares 等，2013 年）。

本书的第三部分包含丰富的气候变化解决方案，包括从第 7 章开始到第 12 章结束的六章。该部分专门讨论减缓、适应和治理等主题。第 7 章和第 8 章都同意基础设施设计及其与气候科学整合的重要性。第 9 章讨论了沿海城市的案例及其对海平面上升的影响。作者指出，将软性和硬性解决方案结合起来以应对气候变化的长期和短期影响至关重要。气候变化减缓和适应中的治理问题在第 10 章和第 11 章中进行了深入讨论。前者强调多层次治理概念的有用性，而后者则涉及美国当地的气候减缓问题。第 10 章对多级治理的讨论显示了当前治理措施的局限性。第 12 章介绍了电网的风险，并提出了一系列管理风险的措施，例如投资于灾前复原力策略、组合复原力策略以及制定全球最佳复原力增强计划。

在仔细检查本书及其内容后，发现它达到了其目标——了解气候变化和极端事件对社会各个部门的影响。本书以大气和水文过程为重点，对气候变化问题进行了全面总结。本书内容的一个可能扩展可能是解决海洋过程。另一个可能的发展可能涵盖气候研究中陆地-大气-海洋过程耦合的想法（Temimi 等人，2020 年；Wehbe 等人，2019 年），这符合第 1 章中关于在研究气候时采用多学科的建议改变。

总的来说，活跃在水文和大气科学领域的大型科学家社区将从本书及其内容中受益，深入解释气候变化对水文气象变异的影响。本书关于缓解、适应和治理的最后一部分适用于从学者到政府机构和地方当局的决策者的各种读者。