Neutrophils play multiple roles in acute viral infections. They restrict viral replication and diffusion through phagocytosis, degranulation, respiratory burst, secretion of cytokines, and the release of neutrophil extracellular traps, as well as, activate the adaptive immune response. However, the overactivation of neutrophils may cause tissue damage and lead to poor outcomes. Additionally, some characteristics and functions of neutrophils, such as cell number, lifespan, and antiviral capability, can be influenced while eliminating viruses. This review provides a general description of the protective and pathological roles of neutrophils in acute viral infection.

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中性粒细胞在急性病毒感染中的作用

中性粒细胞在急性病毒感染中发挥多种作用。它们通过吞噬作用、脱颗粒、呼吸爆发、细胞因子分泌和中性粒细胞胞外陷阱的释放来限制病毒复制和扩散，并激活适应性免疫反应。然而，中性粒细胞的过度激活可能会导致组织损伤并导致不良结果。此外，在清除病毒的同时，也会影响中性粒细胞的一些特征和功能，例如细胞数量、寿命和抗病毒能力。这篇综述提供了中性粒细胞在急性病毒感染中的保护和病理作用的一般描述。