Biosensors are essential tools in the health and the environmental sectors since they allow fast and reliable diagnostics and analysis. Biosensors are defined by the biological sensing element, which contains biomolecules or synthetic, bioinspired entities with unique specificity towards the analyte. The biological or bioinspired recognition even can be transduced into an electric, electrochemical, or optical signal. A constant challenge for the development of biosensors is the confinement of these selective entities in devices without altering the biological activity. Polymers are great candidates to serve as substrates for the immobilization or entrapment of bioreceptors related to well established synthesis routes with highly modulable chemical functions to create an almost ideal environment for the biomolecules. Nanomaterials are of constant increasing interest since they allow not only to increase drastically the specific surface for higher amounts of receptor units, but also provide electric or optical properties leading to enhanced signal capture. As for bioreceptors, such nanomaterials can be integrated polymer matrices for reliable processability. This review aims to summarize selected original examples about biosensors for health monitoring using beneficial combinations of nanomaterials and polymers.

生物传感器是健康和环境领域必不可少的工具，因为它们可以进行快速可靠的诊断和分析。生物传感器由生物传感元件定义，该元件包含对分析物具有独特特异性的生物分子或合成的、受生物启发的实体。生物或生物启发的识别甚至可以转换为电、电化学或光信号。生物传感器开发的一个持续挑战是在不改变生物活性的情况下将这些选择性实体限制在设备中。聚合物是固定或截留生物受体的绝佳候选材料，这些生物受体与成熟的合成路线相关，具有高度可调节的化学功能，可为生物分子创造几乎理想的环境。纳米材料不断受到越来越多的关注，因为它们不仅可以显着增加更多受体单元的比表面积，还可以提供电或光学特性，从而增强信号捕获。至于生物受体，这种纳米材料可以集成聚合物基质以获得可靠的可加工性。本综述旨在总结关于使用纳米材料和聚合物的有益组合进行健康监测的生物传感器的选定原始示例。