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Fast Pyrolysis of Hydrolysis Lignin in Fluidized Bed Reactors
Energy & Fuels ( IF 5.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-01 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.1c01719 Elmeri Pienihäkkinen 1 , Christian Lindfors 1 , Taina Ohra-aho 1 , Juha Lehtonen 1 , Tom Granström 1 , Minna Yamamoto 2 , Anja Oasmaa 1
Energy & Fuels ( IF 5.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-01 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.1c01719 Elmeri Pienihäkkinen 1 , Christian Lindfors 1 , Taina Ohra-aho 1 , Juha Lehtonen 1 , Tom Granström 1 , Minna Yamamoto 2 , Anja Oasmaa 1
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Fast pyrolysis of hydrolysis lignin was studied in fluidized bed units. Hydrolysis lignin, a bioproduct from the lignocellulosic ethanol production process (St1 Cellunolix), was processed in bench scale bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) and pilot scale circulating fluidized bed (CFB) units. Utilization of steam and ethanol as hydrogen sources was tested in a BFB unit. Major technical challenges identified were related to slow reaction rates of lignin degradation and the rapid secondary reactions in the vapor phase resulting in deposit formation and pressure buildup in product gas lines. The carbohydrate content of hydrolysis lignin had a clear correlation to its processability. More challenges with clogging and bed agglomeration were observed with lignin feedstock having lower carbohydrate content. The challenges with the bed agglomeration in the BFB unit were overcome by adding a rapidly rotating mixer in the reactor to break the agglomerates. With the CFB unit, bed agglomeration was not a problem, due to high gas velocities and forces applied to sand and lignin particles. In the BFB unit, the screw feeder was cooled and no significant melting problems were observed. In the CFB unit, melting problems were avoided by feeding the raw material in the cold section of reactor. However, severe increases in the pressure buildup and deposit formation rates were observed in both units. Steam and ethanol was tested, separately, in the BFB unit, to provide excess hydrogen in the system. Based on the product analyses both added hydrogen into the system, but hydrogen ended up mostly in the gas phase. To enhance the hydrogen transfer to the organic liquid, a catalyst active in hydrogen transfer is probably needed.
中文翻译：
流化床反应器中水解木质素的快速热解
在流化床装置中研究了水解木质素的快速热解。水解木质素是木质纤维素乙醇生产工艺 (St1 Cellunolix) 的一种生物产品，在实验室规模的鼓泡流化床 (BFB) 和中试规模的循环流化床 (CFB) 装置中进行加工。在 BFB 装置中测试了使用蒸汽和乙醇作为氢源。确定的主要技术挑战与木质素降解的缓慢反应速率和气相中的快速二次反应有关，从而导致产品气体管线中的沉积物形成和压力升高。水解木质素的碳水化合物含量与其加工性能有明显的相关性。使用具有较低碳水化合物含量的木质素原料观察到堵塞和床团聚的更多挑战。通过在反应器中添加一个快速旋转的混合器以打破团聚体，克服了 BFB 装置中床团聚的挑战。使用 CFB 装置，由于高气体速度和作用于沙子和木质素颗粒的力，床层团聚不是问题。在 BFB 装置中，螺杆喂料器被冷却，没有观察到明显的熔化问题。在 CFB 装置中，通过在反应器的冷段进料来避免熔化问题。然而，在两个装置中都观察到压力累积和沉积物形成率的严重增加。在 BFB 装置中分别测试了蒸汽和乙醇，以在系统中提供过量的氢气。根据产品分析，将氢气添加到系统中，但氢气大部分以气相结束。
更新日期：2021-09-16
中文翻译：
流化床反应器中水解木质素的快速热解
在流化床装置中研究了水解木质素的快速热解。水解木质素是木质纤维素乙醇生产工艺 (St1 Cellunolix) 的一种生物产品，在实验室规模的鼓泡流化床 (BFB) 和中试规模的循环流化床 (CFB) 装置中进行加工。在 BFB 装置中测试了使用蒸汽和乙醇作为氢源。确定的主要技术挑战与木质素降解的缓慢反应速率和气相中的快速二次反应有关，从而导致产品气体管线中的沉积物形成和压力升高。水解木质素的碳水化合物含量与其加工性能有明显的相关性。使用具有较低碳水化合物含量的木质素原料观察到堵塞和床团聚的更多挑战。通过在反应器中添加一个快速旋转的混合器以打破团聚体，克服了 BFB 装置中床团聚的挑战。使用 CFB 装置，由于高气体速度和作用于沙子和木质素颗粒的力，床层团聚不是问题。在 BFB 装置中，螺杆喂料器被冷却，没有观察到明显的熔化问题。在 CFB 装置中，通过在反应器的冷段进料来避免熔化问题。然而，在两个装置中都观察到压力累积和沉积物形成率的严重增加。在 BFB 装置中分别测试了蒸汽和乙醇，以在系统中提供过量的氢气。根据产品分析，将氢气添加到系统中，但氢气大部分以气相结束。
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