The geographical imbalances of General Practitioners (GPs) may affect their accessibility for populations, especially in medically underserved areas. We investigate the effect of the dramatic and recent diffusion of Primary Care Teams (PCTs), especially in medically underserved areas, in order to attract and retain GPs through an improvement of their working conditions. We analyze the evolution of GPs and young GPs density between 2004 and 2017 according to a spatial taxonomy of French living areas in 6 clusters. Based on a quasi-experimental design comparing living areas, depending on the clusters, with PCTs (treated) and without PCTs (control), we used difference-in-differences models to estimate the impact of PCT new settlements on the evolution of both attraction and retention of GPs. Our results show that PCT settlements are efficient to attract young GPs and that the magnitude of the effects depends on the living area clusters. Results call for specific policies to address geographical inequalities of GPs that consider the type of place and also, in France, for new measures to attract and retain GPs in rural fringes.

全科医生 (GP) 的地域不平衡可能会影响他们对人群的可及性，尤其是在医疗服务不足的地区。我们调查了初级保健团队 (PCT) 近期迅速扩散的影响，尤其是在医疗服务欠缺的地区，以便通过改善全科医生的工作条件来吸引和留住全科医生。我们根据 6 个集群中法国生活区的空间分类法分析了 2004 年至 2017 年间 GP 和年轻 GP 密度的演变。基于比较生活区域的准实验设计，根据集群，有 PCTs（处理）和没有 PCTs（控制），我们使用差异中的差异模型来估计 PCT 新定居点对两个景点演变的影响和保留全科医生。我们的结果表明 PCT 和解能够有效地吸引年轻的全科医生，并且影响的程度取决于居住区集群。结果要求制定具体政策来解决考虑地方类型的全科医生地理不平等问题，并且在法国，还需要采取新措施来吸引和留住农村边缘的全科医生。