Effects of dietary bile acids on the growth performance, lipid metabolism, non-specific immunity and intestinal microbiota of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) were studied. Five diets were formulated to contain 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.5 g kg⁻¹ (control, BA1, BA2, BA3 and BA4) of bile acids, respectively. Shrimp (1.09 ± 0.04 g) were assigned randomly to 15 tanks (400 L, three tanks in each group, 60 shrimp in each tank) for 60 days. Results indicated that BA2 group had the highest final weight and weight gain. The contents of triglyceride decreased significantly with increasing bile acids level (p < .05). The contents of high-density lipoprotein and glutathione, total antioxidant capacity as well as protease, lipase and superoxide dismutase activities in BA2-4 groups increased significantly (p < .05). Additionally, bile acids enhance the immune response of shrimp through NF-κB-mediated signalling pathway and 0.5g kg⁻¹ bile acids could cause oxidative damage to shrimp. High-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that the intestinal microbiota diversity and richness were significantly altered by bile acids, and functional genes associated with metabolism and bile acids biotransformation were strongly activated in BA2 and BA4 groups. Together, we recommend the shrimp diet supplemented with bile acids at the level of 0.2 g kg⁻¹.

中文翻译：

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胆汁酸对南美白对虾生长性能、脂质代谢、非特异性免疫和肠道菌群的影响

研究了日粮胆汁酸对南美白对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）生长性能、脂质代谢、非特异性免疫和肠道菌群的影响。五种日粮配方分别含有 0、0.1、0.2、0.3 和 0.5 g kg ^-1（对照，BA1，BA2，BA3 和 BA4）胆汁酸，分别。虾（1.09 ± 0.04 g）被随机分配到 15 个池（400 L，每组 3 个池，每个池 60 只虾）中 60 天。结果表明，BA2组的最终体重和体重增加最高。随着胆汁酸水平的升高，甘油三酯的含量显着下降（p < .05）。BA2-4组高密度脂蛋白和谷胱甘肽含量、总抗氧化能力以及蛋白酶、脂肪酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性显着增加（p < .05）。此外，胆汁酸通过 NF-κB 介导的信号通路和 0.5g kg ^{-1增强虾的免疫反应}胆汁酸会对虾造成氧化损伤。高通量测序分析显示，胆汁酸显着改变了肠道微生物群的多样性和丰富度，与代谢和胆汁酸生物转化相关的功能基因在 BA2 和 BA4 组中被强烈激活。^{我们一起推荐添加胆汁酸水平为 0.2 g kg -1}的虾饲料。