There exists little available information on the mechanisms of lactation regulation until now. In order to explore the underlying mechanism, we injected IGF-I and GH recombinant vectors into the mammary gland, then RNA-seq analysis and nuclear proteomics were used for rapid high-throughput screening of DEGs and DEPs in the two groups linked to lactation regulation. KEGG analysis of 206 DEGs showed that the same 4 of top 10 enrichment pathways (ECM receptor interaction, protein digestion and absorption, focal adhesion and phagosome) involved in 4 co-expressed genes (IDO, BTG1, ITGB6 and keratin 83), the two groups enriched different metabolic pathways yet. Nuclear proteomics analysis showed 75 and 36 DEPs in the IGF-I and GH group respectively; Sixteen common proteins were identified between the IGF-I group and GH group, four of which (ALB, TPT1, CXXC-5 and ACTR2) significantly decreased and three of which (PRP1, PAG-9 and Hsp70) significantly increased. Similarly, DEPs in the two groups were enriched in same one of top 10 enrichment pathways (PI3K-Akt signaling pathway). Protein-protein interaction networks highlighted the contribution of glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism and the Jak-STAT signaling pathway to lactation regulation of GH and IGFI. GH and IGF-I improve milk yield, which may be linked to important nodal proteins (ALB and ACTB). Our research advances the understanding of the mammary gland transcriptome and nuclear proteomics during GH and IGF-I overexpression. Individual genes, proteins and pathways in this study point towards potential targets for lactation regulation.

到目前为止，关于泌乳调节机制的可用信息很少。为了探索其潜在机制，我们将 IGF-I 和 GH 重组载体注入乳腺，然后使用 RNA-seq 分析和核蛋白质组学快速高通量筛选与泌乳调节相关的两组 DEGs 和 DEPs . 对 206 个 DEG 的 KEGG 分析表明，前 10 条富集途径中的相同 4 条（ECM 受体相互作用、蛋白质消化和吸收、粘着斑和吞噬体）涉及 4 个共表达基因（IDO、BTG1、ITGB6 和角蛋白 83），这两个组丰富了不同的代谢途径。核蛋白质组学分析显示 IGF-I 和 GH 组分别有 75 和 36 个 DEP；在 IGF-I 组和 GH 组之间鉴定出 16 种常见蛋白，其中 4 种（ALB、TPT1、CXXC-5 和 ACTR2) 显着下降，其中三个（PRP1、PAG-9 和 Hsp70）显着增加。同样，两组中的 DEP 在前 10 种富集途径（PI3K-Akt 信号通路）中的同一种富集。蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用网络强调了鞘糖脂生物合成、卟啉和叶绿素代谢以及 Jak-STAT 信号通路对 GH 和 IGF 泌乳调节的贡献I. GH 和 IGF-I 提高产奶量，这可能与重要的淋巴结蛋白（ALB 和 ACTB）有关。我们的研究促进了对 GH 和 IGF-I 过度表达期间乳腺转录组和核蛋白质组学的理解。本研究中的单个基因、蛋白质和通路指向泌乳调节的潜在目标。