ABSTRACT

Mountains are a critical source of water. Cryospheric and hydrological changes in combination with socio-economic development are threatening downstream water security triggering the need for effective adaptation responses. Here, we present a global systematic review (83 peer-reviewed articles) that assesses different water-related stressors and the adaptation responses to manage water stress in major glaciated mountain regions. Globally, agriculture (42%), tourism (12%), hydropower (8%) and health and safety (4%) are among the main sectors affected by hydrological and cryospheric changes . A broad set of adaptation measures has already been implemented in the world’s mountain regions. We find that globally the most commonly used adaptation practices correspond to the improvement of water storage infrastructure (13%), green infrastructure (9.5%), agricultural practices (17%), water governance and policies (21%), disaster risk reduction (9.5%) and economic diversification (10%). Successful implementation of adaptation measures is limited by reduced stakeholder capacities, collaboration and financial resources, and policies and development. To overcome these limitations, funding for climate change adaptation and development programmes in mountains and trust-building measures such as shared stakeholder activities need to be strengthened. Local awareness raising of both, the adverse effects of climate change and potentially positive implications of specific adaptation measures can help to support successful adaptation.

摘要

山脉是重要的水源。冰冻圈和水文变化与社会经济发展相结合，正在威胁下游水安全，引发了对有效适应反应的需求。在这里，我们提出了一项全球系统评价（83 篇同行评议文章），评估了不同的与水相关的压力源以及在主要冰川山区管理水压力的适应反应。在全球范围内，农业（42%）、旅游业（12%）、水电（8%）以及健康与安全（4%）是受水文和冰冻圈变化影响的主要部门。一系列广泛的适应措施已经在世界山区实施。我们发现，全球最常用的适应实践对应于蓄水基础设施（13%）、绿色基础设施（9.5%）、农业实践（17%）、水治理和政策（21%）、减少灾害风险（9.5%）和经济多样化（10%）。适应措施的成功实施受限于利益相关者能力、合作和财政资源以及政策和发展的减少。为了克服这些限制，需要加强对山区气候变化适应和发展计划的资助，以及建立信任措施，如共享利益相关者活动。提高当地对气候变化的不利影响和具体适应措施的潜在积极影响的认识有助于支持成功的适应。适应措施的成功实施受限于利益相关者能力、合作和财政资源以及政策和发展的减少。为了克服这些限制，需要加强对山区气候变化适应和发展计划的资助，以及建立信任措施，如共享利益相关者活动。提高当地对气候变化的不利影响和具体适应措施的潜在积极影响的认识有助于支持成功的适应。适应措施的成功实施受限于利益相关者能力、合作和财政资源以及政策和发展的减少。为了克服这些限制，需要加强对山区气候变化适应和发展计划的资助，以及建立信任措施，如共享利益相关者活动。提高当地对气候变化的不利影响和具体适应措施的潜在积极影响的认识有助于支持成功的适应。需要加强对山区气候变化适应和发展方案的供资以及建立信任措施，例如共同的利益攸关方活动。提高当地对气候变化的不利影响和具体适应措施的潜在积极影响的认识有助于支持成功的适应。需要加强对山区气候变化适应和发展方案的供资以及建立信任措施，例如共同的利益攸关方活动。提高当地对气候变化的不利影响和具体适应措施的潜在积极影响的认识有助于支持成功的适应。