Bentonitic clays from the Hammam Boughrara deposit in the Maghnia area (northwestern Algeria) were studied by mineralogical, chemical and physicochemical characterization to evaluate their potential suitability as raw and purified materials in pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. Natural bentonite was purified by Na+ ion exchange treatment combined with sedimentation techniques. Before use in the pharmaceutical industry, bentonite samples must be safe and conform to recommendations and directives of pharmacopeia. A set of technological tests were investigated with the samples, such as cation exchange capacity (CEC), specific surface area (SSA), swelling capacity (SC),sedimentation volume (SV) and viscosity, and mineralogical, chemical and microbial properties were also identified by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mineralogical data proved that the raw bentonite is mainly composed of smectite and illite with small quantities of gangue minerals such quartz, feldspars (orthoclase and albite) and calcite. The purified bentonite matches the mineralogical properties of Wyoming bentonite as an international standard clay (deposits of high economic value). Quartz and feldspars were successfully eliminated in the absence of illite and calcite after beneficiation. Investigation of chemical analyses indicated that the contents of trace elements (particularly Pb and As) were below the more restrictive limits proposed by major pharmacopeias for raw and purified bentonite clay. For microbiological tests, the absence of Escherichia coli, Salmonella species, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was confirmed. Moreover, we note that a high cation exchange capacity, large surface area, and good swelling capacity and sedimentation volume were also obtained for purified bentonite. In view of the fundamentals of major pharmacopoeias for the use of bentonite in pharmacies and considering the results obtained, we identified a pharmaceutically acceptable designation for purified Algerian bentonite, which can be used as a pharmaceutical excipient and in cosmetic products such as creams, powders and emulsions.

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用于制药和化妆品应用的阿尔及利亚天然膨润土的表征和纯化

通过矿物学、化学和物理化学表征对产自 Maghnia 地区（阿尔及利亚西北部）的 Hammam Boughrara 矿床的膨润土进行了研究，以评估其作为制药和化妆品应用中的原材料和纯化材料的潜在适用性。采用Na+离子交换处理结合沉降技术对天然膨润土进行提纯。在用于制药行业之前，膨润土样品必须是安全的并符合药典的建议和指令。对样品进行了阳离子交换容量（CEC）、比表面积（SSA）、溶胀能力（SC）、沉降体积（SV）和粘度等一系列工艺测试，并进行了矿物学、化学和微生物学性能测试。通过X射线荧光（XRF）、X射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）进行鉴定。矿物学资料证明，原膨润土主要由蒙皂石、伊利石组成，并含有少量石英、长石（正长石、钠长石）、方解石等脉石矿物。纯化后的膨润土符合怀俄明州膨润土作为国际标准粘土（具有高经济价值的矿床）的矿物学特性。选矿后在不含伊利石和方解石的情况下成功去除了石英和长石。化学分析研究表明，微量元素（特别是 Pb 和 As）的含量低于主要药典对原料和纯化膨润土提出的更严格的限值。对于微生物测试，确认不存在大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌。此外，我们注意到纯化膨润土还具有高阳离子交换容量、大表面积、良好的溶胀能力和沉降体积。鉴于主要药典关于膨润土在药房中使用的基本原理并考虑到所获得的结果，我们确定了纯化的阿尔及利亚膨润土的药学上可接受的名称，它可以用作药物赋形剂和化妆品，例如霜剂、粉剂和化妆品。乳液。