Streptococcus pneumoniae remains an important bacterial pathogen, particularly for young children in low- and middle-income countries. A systematic review was conducted of peer-reviewed literature from PubMed published as of May 13, 2020, to identify articles relevant to invasive pneumococcal disease, pneumonia, otitis media (OM), nasopharyngeal carriage (NPC), antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and vaccination coverage in Egypt, with particular focus on children ≤ 18 years of age. A total of 16 relevant articles spanning three decades were included in this review. Among studies reviewed, S. pneumoniae was the causative agent of meningitis in 21-30% of cases among hospitalized children between 1983 and 2003. One study showed that serotypes 6A and 6B predominated among meningitis cases of pediatric patients aged < 5 years. This review also revealed that S. pneumoniae was the most commonly identified bacterial pathogen of acute mastoiditis, a severe complication of acute OM, among children aged 9 months to 11 years. NPC studies showed that approximately 30% of Egyptian children were carriers of S. pneumoniae. AMR, especially to penicillin, continues to be a growing concern in low- and middle-income countries, including among Egyptian children. Several predominant serotypes were identified to be associated with penicillin resistance, such as 6B, 1, 19A, 23F, and 6A. Currently available pneumococcal vaccines (PCVs) such as PCV10 and PCV13 may provide coverage against the most prevalent circulating serotypes among Egyptian children. Comprehensive disease surveillance and immunization programs are needed to ensure that this vulnerable population is sufficiently protected against pneumococcal disease.

中文翻译：

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对 18 岁及以下埃及儿童的肺炎球菌携带、疾病、抗菌素耐药性和疫苗接种的系统评价。

肺炎链球菌仍然是一种重要的细菌病原体，特别是对于低收入和中等收入国家的幼儿。对截至 2020 年 5 月 13 日发表的 PubMed 同行评审文献进行了系统评价，以确定与侵袭性肺炎球菌疾病、肺炎、中耳炎 (OM)、鼻咽感染 (NPC)、抗菌素耐药性 (AMR) 和埃及的疫苗接种覆盖率，特别关注 18 岁以下的儿童。本综述共收录了跨越三个十年的 16 篇相关文章。在审查的研究中，肺炎链球菌是 1983 年至 2003 年住院儿童脑膜炎病例的 21-30%。一项研究表明，血清型 6A 和 6B 在年龄小于 5 岁的儿科患者脑膜炎病例中占主导地位。本综述还揭示，肺炎链球菌是 9 个月至 11 岁儿童中急性乳突炎的最常见细菌病原体，急性乳突炎是急性 OM 的严重并发症。NPC 研究表明，大约 30% 的埃及儿童是肺炎链球菌的携带者。抗菌素耐药性，尤其是青霉素，在低收入和中等收入国家，包括埃及儿童中，持续受到越来越多的关注。确定了几种主要血清型与青霉素耐药性有关，例如 6B、1、19A、23F 和 6A。目前可用的肺炎球菌疫苗 (PCV)，例如 PCV10 和 PCV13，可以覆盖埃及儿童中最流行的循环血清型。