This study reports the distribution of enterotoxigenic determinants among staphylococci and the susceptibility of staphylococci to various classes of antibiotics. We observed all the isolates as resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics and a few as resistant to non-beta-lactam antibiotics such as clindamycin (47.4%), erythromycin (44.7%), gentamicin (23.7%), norfloxacin (34.2%), tetracycline (26.3%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (15.8%) etc. The resistance of S. sciuri (n = 1) and S. haemolyticus (n = 1) to rifampicin and intermediate resistance of S. gallinarum (n = 2) to teicoplanin, a high-end antibiotic, are also observed in this study. The multidrug-resistance (≥ 3 classes of antibiotics) was recorded in 23 (60.5%) isolates. The virulomes such as sea, seb, seg and sei were identified predominantly in S. haemolyticus. Surprisingly, certain isolates which were phenotypically confirmed as biofilm-producers by Congo red agar (CRA) test did not harbor biofilm-associated loci. This implies the protein-mediated mechanism of biofilm formation as an alternative to polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA) in staphylococci. However, icaAD locus which encodes PIA was identified in 10 (26.3%) isolates and the eno locus, encoding elastin-binding protein which can accelerate the biofilm production, is identified in all the isolates. The possession of type V SCCmec elements by the S. haemolyticus (15.8%) raised the concern about the rapid dissemination of mecA gene to other species of staphylococci including the virulent S. aureus. In short, this study acknowledges the toxigenicity of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). Through this study, surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and transference of virulomes in staphylococci is warranted.

中文翻译：

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来自零售市场鱼类的凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌对高端抗生素（替考拉宁）的毒力和中等耐药性。

本研究报告了葡萄球菌中产肠毒素决定簇的分布以及葡萄球菌对各类抗生素的敏感性。我们观察到所有分离株对β-内酰胺类抗生素耐药，少数对非β-内酰胺类抗生素耐药，如克林霉素（47.4%）、红霉素（44.7%）、庆大霉素（23.7%）、诺氟沙星（34.2%）、四环素 (26.3%)、甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲恶唑 (15.8%) 等。 S. sciuri (n = 1) 和 S. haemolyticus (n = 1) 对利福平的耐药性和 S. gallinarum (n = 2) 对利福平的中等耐药性本研究中还观察到了一种高端抗生素替考拉宁。在 23 个（60.5%）分离株中记录了多重耐药性（≥ 3 类抗生素）。病毒组如 sea、seb、seg 和 sei 主要在溶血性链球菌中鉴定。出奇，通过刚果红琼脂 (CRA) 测试表型确认为生物膜生产者的某些分离株不包含生物膜相关位点。这意味着蛋白质介导的生物膜形成机制可替代葡萄球菌中的多糖细胞间粘附素 (PIA)。然而，在 10 个 (26.3%) 分离物中鉴定出编码 PIA 的 icaAD 基因座，并且在所有分离物中鉴定出编码可加速生物膜产生的弹性蛋白结合蛋白的 eno 基因座。溶血性链球菌 (15.8%) 拥有 V 型 SCCmec 元件引起了人们对 mecA 基因快速传播到其他葡萄球菌物种（包括毒性金黄色葡萄球菌）的担忧。简而言之，这项研究承认凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌 (CoNS) 的毒性。通过这项研究，