Visual perception is, at any given moment, strongly influenced by its temporal context-what stimuli have recently been perceived and in what surroundings. We have previously shown that to-be-ignored items produce a bias upon subsequent perceptual decisions that acts in parallel with other biases induced by attended items. However, our previous investigations were confined to biases upon the perceived orientation of a visual search target, and it is unclear whether these biases influence perceptual decisions in a more general sense. Here, we test whether the biases from visual search targets and distractors affect the perceived orientation of a neutral test line, one that is neither a target nor a distractor. To do so, we asked participants to search for an oddly oriented line among distractors and report its location for a few trials and next presented a test line irrelevant to the search task. Participants were asked to report the orientation of the test line. Our results indicate that in tasks involving visual search, targets induce a positive bias upon a neutral test line if their orientations are similar, whereas distractors produce an attractive bias for similar test lines and a repulsive bias if the orientations of the test line and the average orientation of the distractors are far apart in feature space. In sum, our results show that both attentional role and proximity in feature space between previous and current stimuli determine the direction of biases in perceptual decisions.

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您会看到您要寻找的内容：视觉搜索中的目标和干扰因素可能会导致相反的序列依赖性。

在任何特定时刻，视觉感知都受到其时间背景的强烈影响——最近感知到的刺激是什么以及在什么环境中。我们之前已经表明，被忽略的项目会对随后的感知决策产生偏见，这种偏见与被关注的项目引起的其他偏见并行作用。然而，我们之前的研究仅限于对视觉搜索目标的感知方向的偏见，目前尚不清楚这些偏见是否会影响更一般意义上的感知决策。在这里，我们测试视觉搜索目标和干扰物的偏差是否会影响中性测试线（既不是目标也不是干扰物）的感知方向。为此，我们要求参与者在干扰物中搜索一条方向奇怪的线，并报告其位置以进行几次试验，然后提出一条与搜索任务无关的测试线。参与者被要求报告测试线的方向。我们的结果表明，在涉及视觉搜索的任务中，如果目标的方向相似，则目标会对中性测试线产生正向偏差，而干扰物会对相似的测试线产生有吸引力的偏差，如果测试线的方向与平均值不同，则会产生排斥性偏差干扰物的方向在特征空间中相距很远。总之，我们的结果表明，注意力的作用以及先前和当前刺激之间特征空间的接近程度决定了感知决策中偏差的方向。