While the age-standardized mortality rate in Japan is decreasing for all cancers as a whole, this is not the case for some major site-specific cancers. We descriptively compared trends in all-cancer and site-specific cancer mortality in Japan and selected countries. Data on age-standardized cancer mortality rates in six countries (Japan, the USA, the UK, Canada, Australia and the Republic of Korea) in 1980–2016 were obtained from the World Health Organization mortality database. While stomach and liver cancer mortality rates in Japan and Korea were initially much higher than those in non-Asian countries, they have rapidly decreased over the long term. By contrast, colorectal, pancreatic and cervical cancer mortality rates in Japan, which were initially lower than those in other countries, have increased such that they are now similar or higher than the rates in non-Asian countries. For male lung cancer, Japan’s initially lower mortality rate is now comparable to that in non-Asian countries as a result of slower decline. Meanwhile, the mortality rate of female breast cancer in Japan and Korea has increased and is nearing the rates observed in non-Asian countries, which by contrast have shown a steady decrease. Thus, while Japan has been successful in reducing the burden of stomach and liver cancers, it is falling behind in reducing the mortality rate of screening-related cancers such as colorectal, female breast and cervical cancers. Control measures for these cancers need to be strengthened.

中文翻译：

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癌症死亡率趋势的国际比较：日本在筛查相关癌症方面落后

虽然日本所有癌症的年龄标准化死亡率总体上都在下降，但某些主要部位特异性癌症的情况并非如此。我们描述性地比较了日本和选定国家的所有癌症和特定部位癌症死亡率的趋势。1980-2016年六个国家（日本、美国、英国、加拿大、澳大利亚和韩国）的年龄标准化癌症死亡率数据来自世界卫生组织死亡率数据库。虽然日本和韩国的胃癌和肝癌死亡率最初远高于非亚洲国家，但从长远来看，它们迅速下降。相比之下，日本的结直肠癌、胰腺癌和宫颈癌死亡率最初低于其他国家，已经增加，以至于它们现在与非亚洲国家的比率相似或更高。对于男性肺癌，由于下降速度较慢，日本最初较低的死亡率现在可与非亚洲国家相媲美。与此同时，日本和韩国的女性乳腺癌死亡率有所上升，并接近非亚洲国家观察到的死亡率，相比之下，非亚洲国家的死亡率呈稳步下降趋势。因此，虽然日本在减轻胃癌和肝癌的负担方面取得了成功，但在降低与筛查相关的癌症（如结直肠癌、女性乳腺癌和宫颈癌）的死亡率方面却落后了。需要加强对这些癌症的控制措施。由于下降速度较慢，日本最初较低的死亡率现在与非亚洲国家的死亡率相当。与此同时，日本和韩国的女性乳腺癌死亡率有所上升，并接近非亚洲国家观察到的死亡率，相比之下，非亚洲国家的死亡率呈稳步下降趋势。因此，虽然日本在减轻胃癌和肝癌的负担方面取得了成功，但在降低与筛查相关的癌症（如结直肠癌、女性乳腺癌和宫颈癌）的死亡率方面却落后了。需要加强对这些癌症的控制措施。由于下降速度较慢，日本最初较低的死亡率现在与非亚洲国家的死亡率相当。与此同时，日本和韩国的女性乳腺癌死亡率有所上升，并接近非亚洲国家观察到的死亡率，相比之下，非亚洲国家的死亡率呈稳步下降趋势。因此，虽然日本在减轻胃癌和肝癌的负担方面取得了成功，但在降低与筛查相关的癌症（如结直肠癌、女性乳腺癌和宫颈癌）的死亡率方面却落后了。需要加强对这些癌症的控制措施。虽然日本在减轻胃癌和肝癌负担方面取得了成功，但在降低与筛查相关的癌症（如结直肠癌、女性乳腺癌和宫颈癌）的死亡率方面却落后了。需要加强对这些癌症的控制措施。虽然日本在减轻胃癌和肝癌负担方面取得了成功，但在降低与筛查相关的癌症（如结直肠癌、女性乳腺癌和宫颈癌）的死亡率方面却落后了。需要加强对这些癌症的控制措施。