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The Role of the Dorsal–Lateral Prefrontal Cortex in Reward Sensitivity During Approach–Avoidance Conflict
Cerebral Cortex ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-31 , DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab292
Camarin E Rolle 1, 2, 3 , Mads L Pedersen 4, 5 , Noriah Johnson 1, 2, 3 , Ken-Ichi Amemori 6 , Maria Ironside 7 , Ann M Graybiel 8 , Diego A Pizzagalli 9 , Amit Etkin 1, 2, 3
Affiliation  

Approach–Avoidance conflict (AAC) arises from decisions with embedded positive and negative outcomes, such that approaching leads to reward and punishment and avoiding to neither. Despite its importance, the field lacks a mechanistic understanding of which regions are driving avoidance behavior during conflict. In the current task, we utilized transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and drift-diffusion modeling to investigate the role of one of the most prominent regions relevant to AAC—the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). The first experiment uses in-task disruption to examine the right dlPFC’s (r-dlPFC) causal role in avoidance behavior. The second uses single TMS pulses to probe the excitability of the r-dlPFC, and downstream cortical activations, during avoidance behavior. Disrupting r-dlPFC during conflict decision-making reduced reward sensitivity. Further, r-dlPFC was engaged with a network of regions within the lateral and medial prefrontal, cingulate, and temporal cortices that associate with behavior during conflict. Together, these studies use TMS to demonstrate a role for the dlPFC in reward sensitivity during conflict and elucidate the r-dlPFC’s network of cortical regions associated with avoidance behavior. By identifying r-dlPFC’s mechanistic role in AAC behavior, contextualized within its conflict-specific downstream neural connectivity, we advance dlPFC as a potential neural target for psychiatric therapeutics.

中文翻译:

在接近-回避冲突中,背外侧前额叶皮层在奖赏敏感性中的作用

接近-回避冲突 (AAC) 源于具有嵌入的正面和负面结果的决策,因此接近会导致奖励和惩罚,而回避则不会。尽管它很重要,但该领域缺乏对冲突期间哪些地区正在推动回避行为的机械理解。在当前任务中,我们利用经颅磁刺激 (TMS) 和漂移扩散模型来研究与 AAC 相关的最突出区域之一——背外侧前额叶皮层 (dlPFC) 的作用。第一个实验使用任务内中断来检查正确的 dlPFC (r-dlPFC) 在回避行为中的因果作用。第二个使用单个 TMS 脉冲来探测 r-dlPFC 的兴奋性,以及在回避行为期间的下游皮质激活。在冲突决策期间扰乱 r-dlPFC 会降低奖励敏感性。此外,r-dlPFC 与外侧和内侧前额叶、扣带回和颞叶皮质内的区域网络相结合,这些区域与冲突期间的行为相关。总之,这些研究使用 TMS 来证明 dlPFC 在冲突期间奖励敏感性中的作用,并阐明 r-dlPFC 与回避行为相关的皮质区域网络。通过确定 r-dlPFC 在 AAC 行为中的机制作用,在其特定于冲突的下游神经连接中,我们将 dlPFC 作为精神治疗的潜在神经靶标。总之,这些研究使用 TMS 来证明 dlPFC 在冲突期间奖励敏感性中的作用,并阐明 r-dlPFC 与回避行为相关的皮质区域网络。通过确定 r-dlPFC 在 AAC 行为中的机制作用,在其特定于冲突的下游神经连接中,我们将 dlPFC 作为精神治疗的潜在神经靶标。总之,这些研究使用 TMS 来证明 dlPFC 在冲突期间奖励敏感性中的作用,并阐明 r-dlPFC 与回避行为相关的皮质区域网络。通过确定 r-dlPFC 在 AAC 行为中的机制作用,在其特定于冲突的下游神经连接中,我们将 dlPFC 作为精神治疗的潜在神经靶标。
更新日期:2021-08-31
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