This paper examines the impact of large-scale transport investment and the resulting increase of accessibility on the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Spatial and temporal economic data for the 13 regions of the country from 1999 to 2018 are analyzed using static and dynamic panel data models. Both first difference GMM (Generalised Method of Moments) models and system GMM models fit the data satisfactorily, with system GMM models generally offering better modelling accuracies. The results show that the elasticity of the one-year lagged GDP variable is positive and statistically significant in all specifications considered, indicating the presence of a dynamic pattern toward economic growth. Generally, the value of transport investment for the one-year lag shows positive and significant statistical relationships with regional GDP among several specifications of the dynamic models. On the other hand, railway accessibility value presents positive and significant impact on GDP in two years lag. Our study finds that the impact of the monetary value of transport investment, in general, was manifested immediately in the following year. However, the railway accessibility improvement requires a period to deliver its benefits.

本文研究了沙特阿拉伯王国 (KSA) 大规模交通投资的影响以及由此带来的可达性增加对国内生产总值 (GDP) 的影响。使用静态和动态面板数据模型分析了 1999 年至 2018 年全国 13 个地区的时空经济数据。一阶差分 GMM（广义矩量法）模型和系统 GMM 模型都能令人满意地拟合数据，系统 GMM 模型通常提供更好的建模精度。结果表明，滞后一年的 GDP 变量的弹性在所有考虑的规格中均为正且具有统计显着性，表明存在经济增长的动态模式。一般来说，在动态模型的几个规范中，一年滞后的交通投资价值与区域 GDP 显示出正向且显着的统计关系。另一方面，铁路可达性价值在两年内对 GDP 产生了积极而显着的影响。我们的研究发现，总体而言，交通投资的货币价值的影响在次年立即显现。然而，铁路可达性的改善需要一段时间才能发挥其效益。