In this paper, the irreversible sulfation in lead acid battery (LAB) is essentially reconsidered as an electrical capacitive effect from an interdisciplinary perspective. A proactive maintenance concept based on the resonance method is first introduced to interpret the electrochemical processes of the irreversible sulfation for simultaneous diagnosis and restoration. The effectiveness of the restoration is verified by an average of 23% impedance decrease and an average of 8.6% capacity increase, which are consistent with the morphological change from a dense, tight connections to a coarsen, porous electrode surface. In terms of the diagnosis accuracy, the electrical capacitive effect is determined by measuring the break frequency of the LAB, where an 87.7% estimation accuracy is achieved compared to the analytical result from Nyquist curve. With the proposed integration method, it becomes possible to proactively maintain the LABs in lifecycle (separate service stages) non-invasively with both field convenience and electrochemical interpretation, which will act as a part of highly reliable, environment friendly and sustainable lead-based energy storage systems in the future.

在本文中，铅酸电池（LAB）中的不可逆硫酸化从跨学科的角度基本上被重新考虑为电容效应。首先引入基于共振方法的主动维护概念来解释不可逆硫酸化的电化学过程，以便同时诊断和恢复。修复的有效性通过阻抗平均降低 23% 和容量平均增加 8.6% 得到验证，这与从致密、紧密连接到粗糙多孔电极表面的形态变化一致。在诊断精度方面，电容效应是通过测量 LAB 的断路频率来确定的，与奈奎斯特曲线的分析结果相比，估计精度达到了 87.7%。