In this study, application of an electrical field to facilitate the migration of norbixin molecules through rennet-induced micellar casein concentrate (MCC) and agar gels was evaluated. To determine the effect of selected parameters on norbixin penetration through the renneted casein gels, MCC, as a curd-like structure, was used to simplify the study of the process and evaluate the impact of each parameter on the migration of norbixin molecules separately. The physicochemical properties of norbixin solutions were characterized, followed by evaluation of the effects of changing gel composition on colorant mobility—influenced by an electrical field. Multi-angle dynamic light scattering enabled size measurement of norbixin solutions. A strong negative charge (−53.4 to −73.4 mV) was observed at all pH values examined. Localization of norbixin molecules within the aqueous phase was shown by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Norbixin solutions, characterized by LUMiSizer and light microscopy, showed the formation of aggregates (30–50 μm) in the presence of CaC1₂. Reducing pH and increasing calcium content considerably decreased norbixin penetration through the gels. The penetration rate of norbixin was considerably reduced (~ 60%) in the presence of 2% of calcium chloride. By reducing the pH from 6.58 to 5.37 and 6.60 to 5.30, the penetration rate of color through the gels containing 7.5 and 15% protein was reduced by ~90 and 80%, respectively. However, as salt concentrations increased (0% to 4%), the penetration rate of the colorant through MCC gels of 15% protein increased by 60%. Overall, this work shows that applying an electrical field is a promising approach which may considerably increase the migration rate of colorant through rennet-induced casein gels.

在这项研究中，评估了应用电场促进降冰糖素分子通过凝乳酶诱导的胶束酪蛋白浓缩物 (MCC) 和琼脂凝胶的迁移。为了确定所选参数对降冰片菌素通过凝乳酶凝胶渗透的影响，使用 MCC 作为凝乳状结构来简化该过程的研究，并分别评估每个参数对降冰片菌素分子迁移的影响。表征降冰片菌素溶液的理化性质，然后评估改变凝胶组成对着色剂流动性的影响——受电场影响。多角度动态光散射使诺比辛溶液的尺寸测量成为可能。在检查的所有 pH 值下均观察到强负电荷（-53.4 至 -73.4 mV）。共聚焦激光扫描显微镜显示了水相中降莨菪碱分子的定​​位。由 LUMiSizer 和光学显微镜表征的 Norbixin 溶液显示在 CaCl 存在下形成聚集体（30-50 μm）₂ . 降低pH值和增加钙含量显着降低降冰菌素通过凝胶的渗透。在 2% 的氯化钙存在下，降莨菪碱的渗透率显着降低（约 60%）。通过将 pH 从 6.58 降低至 5.37 和 6.60 至 5.30，颜色通过含有 7.5% 和 15% 蛋白质的凝胶的渗透率分别降低了约 90% 和 80%。然而，随着盐浓度的增加（0% 到 4%），着色剂通过 15% 蛋白质的 MCC 凝胶的渗透率增加了 60%。总的来说，这项工作表明，施加电场是一种很有前途的方法，它可以显着提高着色剂通过凝乳酶诱导的酪蛋白凝胶的迁移率。