Owing to the high thermal capacity and nearly constant temperature during phase change, phase change material has been considered one of the most promising solar thermal energy storage materials. However, the development of high-performance shape-stabilized phase change material (SSPCM) based on a low-cost and eco-friendly supporting material remains a big challenge. Herein, a systematic experimental framework is proposed and used to respond to the challenge. By applying this framework, acid-modified fly ash (AMFA) was firstly used as the supporting material for lauric acid (LA) to prevent its leakage, while carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were utilized to improve its thermal conductivity. Specifically, the LA/AMFA/CNTs composites were synthesized via a facile and low-cost direct impregnation method. Subsequently, the as-prepared composites were systematically investigated by various characterization techniques. The results of leakage tests exhibited that the acid treatment could improve the PCM loading of fly ash and the relevant mechanism of acid-modified fly ash was identified. With the introduction of CNTs, the heat transfer efficiency of LA/AMFA/CNTs had been enhanced substantially. More importantly, compared with conventional supporting materials, the used fly ash in this work revealed much better environmental sustainability which we believe is of vital importance for the large-scale application of SSPCMs. Therefore, the study results not only facilitate the development of the desirable SSPCM based on cheap and eco-friendly supporting material and promote its practical application, but also serve to improve the comprehensive utilization level of fly ash solid waste.

由于相变过程中的高热容量和几乎恒定的温度，相变材料被认为是最有前途的太阳能热储能材料之一。然而，基于低成本和环保支撑材料的高性能形状稳定相变材料（SSPCM）的开发仍然是一个巨大的挑战。在此，提出了一个系统的实验框架并用于应对挑战。通过应用该框架，酸改性粉煤灰（AMFA）首先被用作月桂酸（LA）的支撑材料以防止其泄漏，同时利用碳纳米管（CNT）来提高其导热性。具体来说，LA/AMFA/CNTs 复合材料是通过一种简便、低成本的直接浸渍法合成的。随后，通过各种表征技术系统地研究了所制备的复合材料。泄漏试验结果表明，酸处理可以提高粉煤灰的PCM负荷，并确定了酸改性粉煤灰的相关机理。随着 CNTs 的引入，LA/AMFA/CNTs 的传热效率得到了显着提高。更重要的是，与传统的支撑材料相比，这项工作中使用的粉煤灰显示出更好的环境可持续性，我们认为这对于 SSPCM 的大规模应用至关重要。因此，研究结果不仅促进了基于廉价环保支撑材料的理想 SSPCM 的开发，促进了其实际应用，