Efficient nitrogen fertilizer management is critical for increasing winter wheat production and ensuring the long-term protection of the agricultural environment. Determining the features of soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the driving factors of split nitrogen fertilization is important for optimizing cropland nitrogen management. To date, few studies have comprehensively evaluated the trade-offs between reducing greenhouse gas intensity and improving grain yield in winter wheat cropping systems using split nitrogen applications under water-saving irrigation conditions. Here, a two year field trial using split nitrogen fertilization under water-saving irrigation was done to determine the impacts of split nitrogen fertilizer on soil greenhouse gas intensity and wheat yield. The soil GHG fluxes, inorganic nitrogen, water moisture, and grain yield were measured for five nitrogen treatments. The nitrogen application rate was 240 kg ha⁻¹, and five fertilizer ratios of base to topdressing of N1 (100 % basal and 0% dressing fertilizer), N2 (70 % basal and 30 % dressing fertilizer), N3 (50 % basal and 50 % dressing fertilizer), N4 (30 % basal and 70 % dressing fertilizer), and N5 (0% basal and 100 % dressing fertilizer) were applied. Our results showed that the split nitrogen fertilization strategy had a significant influence on the GHG emissions. And our findings suggested that soil inorganic nitrogen and water moisture was the key variable affecting the soil GHG emissions in the winter wheat cropping system. Compared with the other treatments, the N3 treatment changed the soil inorganic nitrogen and water moisture more effectively with regards to decreased the soil N₂O, CH₄ and CO₂ cumulative emissions, as well as decreased global warming potential and greenhouse gas intensity. The ¹⁵N tracer experiments showed that N3 significantly increased the absorption and utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer and soil nitrogen by winter wheat. The average grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency with the N3 treatment increased by 5.29∼15.34 % and 5.25∼13.14 %, compared with other treatments, respectively. If the basal/topdressing fertilization rate is 50 %:50 %, the split nitrogen fertilizer can maintain a higher grain yield and reduce GHG emissions.

有效的氮肥管理对于提高冬小麦产量和确保农业环境的长期保护至关重要。确定土壤温室气体（GHG）排放特征和施氮施肥的驱动因素对于优化农田氮素管理具有重要意义。迄今为止，很少有研究全面评估在节水灌溉条件下使用裂氮施肥的冬小麦种植系统中降低温室气体强度和提高粮食产量之间的权衡。在这里，在节水灌溉下使用分裂氮肥进行了为期两年的田间试验，以确定分裂氮肥对土壤温室气体强度和小麦产量的影响。土壤温室气体通量、无机氮、水分、测量了五种氮处理的谷物产量。施氮量为 240 kg ha^-1，以及 N1（100% 基肥和 0% 追肥）、N2（70% 基肥和 30% 追肥）、N3（50% 基肥和 50% 追肥）、N4（施用 30% 基肥和 70% 追肥）和 N5（0% 基肥和 100% 追肥）。我们的结果表明，分裂施氮策略对温室气体排放有显着影响。我们的研究结果表明，土壤无机氮和水分是影响冬小麦种植系统土壤温室气体排放的关键变量。与其他处理相比，N3处理在降低土壤N ₂ O、CH ₄和CO ₂方面更有效地改变了土壤无机氮和水分累积排放量，以及降低的全球变暖潜能值和温室气体强度。在^15个Ñ示踪实验表明，由N3冬小麦显著增加的氮肥料和土壤氮的吸收和利用率。与其他处理相比，N3处理的平均籽粒产量和氮素利用效率分别提高了5.29～15.34%和5.25～13.14%。如果基肥/追施施肥率为50%:50%，氮肥可保持较高的粮食产量，减少温室气体排放。