Owing to the high density of bone tissue and the complex and highly hierarchical structure, drugs used for the treatment of bone-related diseases are often not effectively concentrated at the site of the lesion. Generally, the therapeutic effect is unsatisfactory, and the long-term use of drugs causes adverse effects. Therefore, it is of great importance to explore nanotherapeutic platforms to improve bone-targeting capabilities and provide controlled release performance on demand to enhance therapeutic effects. This review aims to (1) summarize various types of recently developed nanotherapeutic platforms; (2) present representative material strategies for applying nanoplatforms for treating bone diseases based on a deeper knowledge of the biophysical structure and material-chemical composition of human osteology, and the awareness of disease pathogenesis and progression; and (3) summarize the typical multifunctional systems through a suitable combination of different cues for enhancing the treatment efficacy.

由于骨组织的高密度和复杂且高度分级的结构，用于治疗骨相关疾病的药物往往不能有效地集中在病变部位。一般治疗效果不理想，长期服用药物会产生不良反应。因此，探索纳米治疗平台以提高骨靶向能力并按需提供控释性能以增强治疗效果具有重要意义。本综述旨在（1）总结最近开发的各种类型的纳米治疗平台；(2) 基于对人体骨学的生物物理结构和材料化学成分的深入了解，提出应用纳米平台治疗骨病的代表性材料策略，以及对疾病发病机制和进展的认识；(3) 通过不同线索的适当组合来总结典型的多功能系统，以提高治疗效果。