To study host-virus interactions after SARS coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, genetic virus characteristics and the ensued humoral immune response were investigated for the first time. Fifty-five SARS-CoV-2-infected patients from the early pandemic phase were followed up including serological testing and whole genome sequencing. Anti-spike and nucleocapsid protein (S/N) IgG and IgM levels were determined by screening ELISA and IgG was further characterized by reactivity to S-subunit 1 (anti-S1), S-subunit 2 (anti-S2) and anti-N. In 55 patients, 90 genetic SARS-CoV-2 changes including 48 non-synonymous single nucleotide variants were identified. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequencing data showed a cluster representing a local outbreak and various family clusters. Anti-S/N and anti-N IgG were detected in 49 patients at an average of 83 days after blood collection. Anti-S/N IgM occurred significantly less frequently than IgG whereas anti-S2 was the least prevalent IgG reactivity (P < 0.05, respectively). Age and overweight were significantly associated with higher anti-S/N and anti-S1 IgG levels while age only with anti-N IgG (multiple regression, P < 0.05, respectively). Anti-S/N IgG/IgM levels, blood group A + , cardiovascular and tumour disease, NSP12 Q444H and ORF3a S177I were independent predictors of clinical characteristics with anti-S/N IgM being associated with the need for hospitalization (multivariate regression, P < 0.05, respectively). Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody generation was mainly affected by higher age and overweight in the present cohort. COVID-19 traits were associated with genetic SARS-CoV-2 variants, anti-S/N IgG/IgM levels, blood group A + and concomitant disease. Anti-S/N IgM was the only antibody associated with the need for hospitalization.

为了研究 SARS 冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 感染后的宿主病毒相互作用，首次研究了遗传病毒特征和随后的体液免疫反应。对大流行早期的 55 名 SARS-CoV-2 感染患者进行了随访，包括血清学检测和全基因组测序。抗刺突和核衣壳蛋白 (S/N) IgG 和 IgM 水平通过筛选 ELISA 确定，IgG 进一步通过对 S-亚基 1（抗-S1）、S-亚基 2（抗-S2）和抗-S-亚基的反应性来表征。 N。在 55 名患者中，鉴定了 90 种遗传性 SARS-CoV-2 变化，包括 48 种非同义单核苷酸变异。测序数据的系统发育分析显示代表本地爆发的集群和各种家庭集群。49 名患者在采血后平均 83 天检测到抗 S/N 和抗 N IgG。抗 S/N IgM 的发生频率明显低于 IgG，而抗 S2 是最不普遍的 IgG 反应性。P  < 0.05，分别）。年龄和超重与较高的抗 S/N 和抗 S1 IgG 水平显着相关，而年龄仅与抗 N IgG 相关（多元回归，分别为P  < 0.05）。抗 S/N IgG/IgM 水平、血型 A +、心血管和肿瘤疾病、NSP12 Q444H 和 ORF3a S177I 是临床特征的独立预测因子，抗 S/N IgM 与住院需要相关（多变量回归，P < 0.05，分别）。在目前的队列中，抗 SARS-CoV-2 抗体的产生主要受较高年龄和超重的影响。COVID-19 特征与遗传性 SARS-CoV-2 变体、抗 S/N IgG/IgM 水平、血型 A + 和伴随疾病有关。抗 S/N IgM 是唯一与住院需要相关的抗体。