Microplastics have been observed in most environments, and their concentrations are expected to increase over the coming decades given the continued and increased production of synthetic polymer products. The expected increase in microplastic pollution may elevate the risk posed by these synthetic particles to the health of both the aquatic environment and humans. This review seeks to provide a current overview of the occurrence, fate, and impacts of microplastics in aquatic environments worldwide. We first summarize studies recording the occurrence of representative microplastics in marine and freshwater environments, revealing the sources and composition of microplastics. Then, the sorption behavior and relationship between microplastics and pollutants are discussed. The influence of the weathering/aging process and environmental factors on sorption behavior in laboratory tests and real environments is reviewed with particular emphasis on contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). Finally, the potential toxic effects of microplastics on aquatic biota and human health are discussed. This review aims to advance our understanding of the fate and impacts of microplastics in aquatic environments and to shed light on important questions warranting further investigation.

在大多数环境中都观察到了微塑料，鉴于合成聚合物产品的产量持续增加，预计它们的浓度在未来几十年会增加。微塑料污染的预期增加可能会增加这些合成颗粒对水生环境和人类健康构成的风险。本综述旨在提供有关微塑料在全球水生环境中的发生、归宿和影响的最新概述。我们首先总结了记录海洋和淡水环境中代表性微塑料发生的研究，揭示了微塑料的来源和组成。然后，讨论了微塑料与污染物之间的吸附行为和关系。在实验室测试和实际环境中，风化/老化过程和环境因素对吸附行为的影响进行了审查，特别强调了新出现的污染物 (CEC)。最后，讨论了微塑料对水生生物群和人类健康的潜在毒性影响。本综述旨在促进我们对微塑料在水生环境中的归宿和影响的理解，并阐明需要进一步调查的重要问题。