Photomedicine has long been used for treating cancerous diseases. With advances in chemical and material sciences, various types of light-activated photosensitizers (PSs) have been developed for effective photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT). However, conventional organic/inorganic materials-based PSs lack disease recognition capability and show limited therapeutic effects in addition to side effects. Recently, intelligent dynamic nanoassemblies that are activated in a tumor environment have been extensively researched to target diseased tissues more effectively, for increasing therapeutic effectiveness while minimizing side effects. This paper presents the latest dynamic nanoassemblies for effective PDT or PTT and combination phototherapies, including immunotherapy and image-guided therapy. Dynamic self-assembly exhibits great potential for clinical translation in diagnosis and treatment through its integrated versatility. Nanoassemblies based on multidisciplinary technology are a promising technique for treating incurable cancerous diseases in the future.

长期以来，光医学一直用于治疗癌症疾病。随着化学和材料科学的进步，已开发出各种类型的光活化光敏剂（PS）用于有效的光动力疗法（PDT）和光热疗法（PTT）。然而，传统的基于有机/无机材料的 PS 缺乏疾病识别能力，除了副作用外，还显示出有限的治疗效果。最近，在肿瘤环境中激活的智能动态纳米组件已被广泛研究，以更有效地靶向病变组织，提高治疗效果，同时最大限度地减少副作用。本文介绍了用于有效 PDT 或 PTT 和组合光疗法的最新动态纳米组件，包括免疫疗法和图像引导疗法。动态自组装通过其集成的多功能性在诊断和治疗中表现出巨大的临床转化潜力。基于多学科技术的纳米组装是未来治疗无法治愈的癌症疾病的有前途的技术。