Abstract

Background:

Household cleaning products may be a significant source of chemical exposures, including carcinogens and suspected endocrine disruptors.

Objectives:

We characterized exposures during routine household cleaning and tested an intervention to reduce exposures to cleaning product chemicals.

Methods:

The Lifting Up Communities with Interventions and Research (LUCIR) Study is a youth-led, community-based intervention project. Youth researchers conducted personal air monitoring with 50 Latina women while they cleaned their homes with their regular cleaning products (preintervention visit) and then 1 week later while they used “green” cleaning products provided by the study (postintervention visit). Air samples were analyzed for volatile and semivolatile organic compounds using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. We compared pre- and postintervention air concentrations of 47 chemicals of concern, selected because they were on California’s Proposition 65 list of carcinogens or reproductive/developmental toxicants or were suspected endocrine disruptors. Youth researchers were integrally involved in the study design, data collection, interpretation, and dissemination of findings.

Results:

We observed statistically significant decreases in air concentrations of 17 chemicals of concern when participants switched to green cleaning products, including decreases in geometric mean concentrations of 1,4-dioxane ($-46.4\%$), chloroform ($-86.7\%$), benzene ($-24.8\%$), naphthalene ($-40.3\%$), toluene ($-24.2\%$), and hexane ($-35.5\%$). We observed significant increases in air concentrations of three fragrance compounds: the plant-derived terpene, beta-myrcene (221.5%), and the synthetic musks celestolide (31.0%) and galaxolide (79.6%). Almost all participants (98%) said the replacement products worked as well as their original products, and 90% said that they would consider buying the replacement products in the future.

Discussion:

This study demonstrates that choosing cleaning products that are marketed as green may reduce exposure to several carcinogens and endocrine disruptors. Future studies should determine whether use of unscented green products would further reduce exposure to terpenes and musks. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP8831

中文翻译：

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拉丁裔女性接触清洁化学品与从传统家庭清洁产品转向“绿色”家庭清洁产品相关的变化：LUCIR 干预研究

摘要

背景：

家用清洁产品可能是化学物质暴露的重要来源，包括致癌物和疑似内分泌干扰物。

目标：

我们对日常家庭清洁过程中的暴露进行了表征，并测试了一种干预措施，以减少对清洁产品化学品的暴露。

方法：

通过干预和研究提升社区 (LUCIR) 研究是一项以青年为主导、以社区为基础的干预项目。青年研究人员对 50 名拉丁裔女性进行了个人空气监测，她们使用常规清洁产品（干预前访问）清洁房屋，然后在 1 周后使用研究提供的“绿色”清洁产品（干预后访问）。使用气相色谱-质谱和高效液相色谱分析空气样品中的挥发性和半挥发性有机化合物。我们比较了 47 种关注化学品的干预前后空气浓度，选择这些化学品是因为它们在加利福尼亚的 65 号提案致癌物或生殖/发育毒物清单上，或者是疑似内分泌干扰物。

结果：

当参与者改用绿色清洁产品时，我们观察到 17 种令人担忧的化学物质的空气浓度显着降低，包括 1,4-二恶烷几何平均浓度的降低（$-46.4\%$), 氯仿 ($-86.7\%$), 苯 ($-24.8\%$), 萘 ($-40.3\%$）， 甲苯 （$-24.2\%$) 和己烷 ($-35.5\%$）。我们观察到三种香料化合物的空气浓度显着增加：植物来源的萜烯、β-月桂烯 (221.5%) 和合成麝香 celestolide (31.0%) 和佳乐香内酯 (79.6%)。几乎所有的参与者 (98%) 都表示替换产品和他们原来的产品一样好用，90% 的人表示他们将来会考虑购买替换产品。

讨论：

这项研究表明，选择以绿色销售的清洁产品可能会减少接触多种致癌物和内分泌干扰物。未来的研究应该确定使用无味的绿色产品是否会进一步减少对萜烯和麝香的接触。https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP8831