Prospects for quarkonium-production studies accessible during the upcoming high-luminosity phases of the CERN Large Hadron Collider operation after 2021 are reviewed. Current experimental and theoretical open issues in the field are assessed together with the potential for future studies in quarkonium-related physics. This will be possible through the exploitation of the huge data samples to be collected in proton–proton, proton–nucleus and nucleus–nucleus collisions, both in the collider and fixed-target modes. Such investigations include, among others, those of: (i) $J/\psi$ and ${\rm Y}$ produced in association with other hard particles; (ii) ${\chi }_{c,b}$ and ${\eta }_{c,b}$ down to small transverse momenta; (iii) the constraints brought in by quarkonia on gluon PDFs, nuclear PDFs, TMDs, GPDs and GTMDs, as well as on the low-$x$ parton dynamics; (iv) the gluon Sivers effect in polarised-nucleon collisions; (v) the properties of the quark–gluon plasma produced in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions and of collective partonic effects in general; and (vi) double and triple parton scatterings.

审查了在 2021 年之后欧洲核子研究中心大型强子对撞机运行即将到来的高亮度阶段期间可进行的夸克生产研究的前景。该领域当前的实验和理论开放性问题与夸克相关物理学未来研究的潜力一起进行了评估。通过利用在质子 - 质子、质子 - 核和核 - 核碰撞中收集的大量数据样本，这将成为可能，无论是在对撞机模式还是固定目标模式下。此类调查包括：(i)$J/\psi$ 和 ${\rm Y}$与其他硬颗粒一起生产；(二)${\chi }_{C,乙}$ 和 ${\eta }_{C,乙}$低至小的横向动量；(iii) 夸克尼亚对胶子 PDF、核 PDF、TMD、GPD 和 GTMD 以及低$X$部分动态；(iv) 极化核子碰撞中的胶子 Sivers 效应；(v) 超相对论重离子碰撞产生的夸克-胶子等离子体的性质和一般的集体分子效应；(vi) 双重和三重子散射。