Tissue vascularization remains one of the outstanding challenges in regenerative medicine. Beyond its role in circulating oxygen and nutrients, the vasculature is critical for organ development, function and homeostasis. Importantly, effective vascular regeneration is key in generating large 3D tissues for regenerative medicine applications to enable the survival of cells post-transplantation, organ growth, and integration into the host system. Therefore, the absence of clinically applicable means of (re)generating vessels is one of the main obstacles in cell replacement therapy. In this review, we highlight cell-based vascularization strategies which demonstrate clinical potential, discuss their strengths and limitations and highlight the main obstacles hindering cell-based therapeutic vascularization.

组织血管化仍然是再生医学中的突出挑战之一。除了在循环氧气和营养物质中的作用外，脉管系统对器官发育、功能和体内平衡也至关重要。重要的是，有效的血管再生是生成用于再生医学应用的大型 3D 组织的关键，以使细胞在移植后存活、器官生长和整合到宿主系统中。因此，缺乏临床适用的（再生）血管方法是细胞替代疗法的主要障碍之一。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了具有临床潜力的基于细胞的血管化策略，讨论了它们的优势和局限性，并强调了阻碍基于细胞的治疗性血管化的主要障碍。