The present study was designed to detect possible biomarkers associated with diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) incidence in an effort to develop novel treatments for this condition. The GSE7014 and GSE29221 gene expression datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, after which differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between DFU and healthy samples. These DEGs were then arranged into a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway and Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment analyses were performed to explore the functional roles of these genes. In total, 1192 DEGs were identified in the GSE7014 dataset (900 upregulated, 292 downregulated), while 1177 were identified in the GSE29221 dataset (257 upregulated, 919 downregulated). GO analyses revealed these DEGs to be significantly enriched in biological processes including sarcomere organization, muscle filament sliding, and the regulation of cardiac conduction, molecular functions including structural constituent of muscle, protein binding, and calcium ion binding, and cellular components including Z disc, myosin filament, and M band. These DEGs were also enriched in the adrenergic signaling in cardiomyoctes, dilated cardiomyopathy, and tight junction KEGG pathways. Together, the findings of these bioinformatics analyses thus identified key hub genes associated with DFU development.

中文翻译：

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基于综合生物信息学的与糖尿病足溃疡发展相关的潜在诊断生物标志物的鉴定

本研究旨在检测与糖尿病足溃疡 (DFU) 发病率相关的可能生物标志物，以开发针对这种疾病的新疗法。GSE7014 和 GSE29221 基因表达数据集从基因表达综合 (GEO) 数据库下载，然后在 DFU 和健康样本之间鉴定差异表达基因 (DEG)。然后将这些 DEG 排列成蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用 (PPI) 网络，并进行京都基因和基因组百科全书 (KEGG) 通路和基因本体论 (GO) 术语富集分析以探索这些基因的功能作用。在 GSE7014 数据集中总共鉴定出 1192 个 DEG（900 个上调，292 个下调），而在 GSE29221 数据集中鉴定出 1177 个（257 个上调，919 个下调）。GO分析显示这些DEGs在包括肌节组织、肌丝滑动和心脏传导调节在内的生物学过程中显着富集，分子功能包括肌肉的结构成分、蛋白质结合和钙离子结合，以及包括Z盘在内的细胞成分，肌球蛋白丝和 M 带。这些 DEG 还富含心肌、扩张型心肌病和紧密连接 KEGG 通路中的肾上腺素能信号传导。因此，这些生物信息学分析的结果共同确定了与 DFU 发展相关的关键枢纽基因。和钙离子结合，细胞成分包括 Z 盘、肌球蛋白丝和 M 带。这些 DEG 还富含心肌、扩张型心肌病和紧密连接 KEGG 通路中的肾上腺素能信号传导。因此，这些生物信息学分析的结果共同确定了与 DFU 发展相关的关键枢纽基因。和钙离子结合，细胞成分包括 Z 盘、肌球蛋白丝和 M 带。这些 DEG 还富含心肌、扩张型心肌病和紧密连接 KEGG 通路中的肾上腺素能信号传导。因此，这些生物信息学分析的结果共同确定了与 DFU 发展相关的关键枢纽基因。