The comprehension of molecular processes underlying the development and progression of flowering in plants is a hot topic, not only because that often the products of interest for human and animal nutrition are linked to the development of fruits or seeds, but also because the processes of gametes formation occurring in sexual organs are at the basis of recombination and genetic variability which constitutes the matter on which evolution acts, whether understood as natural or human driven. In the present study, we used an NGS approach to produce a grapevine flower transcriptome snapshot in different whorls and tissues including calyx, calyptra, filament, anther, stigma, ovary, and embryo in both pre- and post-anthesis phases. Our investigation aimed at identifying hub genes that unequivocally distinguish the different tissues providing insights into the molecular mechanisms that are at the basis of floral whorls and tissue development. To this end we have used different analytical approaches, some now consolidated in transcriptomic studies on plants, such as pairwise comparison and weighted-gene coexpression network analysis, others used mainly in studies on animals or human’s genomics, such as the tau (τ) analysis aimed at isolating highly and absolutely tissue-specific genes. The intersection of data obtained by these analyses allowed us to gradually narrow the field, providing evidence about the molecular mechanisms occurring in those whorls directly involved in reproductive processes, such as anther and stigma, and giving insights into the role of other whorls not directly related to reproduction, such as calyptra and calyx. We believe this work could represent an important genomic resource for functional analyses of grapevine floral organ growth and fruit development shading light on molecular networks underlying grapevine reproductive organ determination.

中文翻译：

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黑皮诺品种中的葡萄（Vitis vinifera L.）花转录组：花前和花后阶段组织相关基因网络和轮生特异性标记的鉴定

对植物开花发育和进展的分子过程的理解是一个热门话题，不仅因为人类和动物营养感兴趣的产品通常与果实或种子的发育相关，而且还因为配子的过程性器官中发生的形成是以重组和遗传变异为基础的，这构成了进化作用的物质，无论是自然驱动的还是人为驱动的。在本研究中，我们使用NGS方法在不同轮生和组织中生成葡萄花转录组快照，包括花前和花后阶段的花萼、花萼、花丝、花药、柱头、子房和胚胎。我们的研究旨在识别明确区分不同组织的中心基因，从而深入了解花轮和组织发育的分子机制。为此，我们使用了不同的分析方法，其中一些现在已整合到植物转录组学研究中，例如配对比较和加权基因共表达网络分析，其他分析方法主要用于动物或人类基因组学研究，例如 tau (τ) 分析旨在分离高度且绝对的组织特异性基因。通过这些分析获得的数据交叉点使我们能够逐渐缩小研究范围，提供有关直接参与生殖过程的轮生（例如花药和柱头）中发生的分子机制的证据，并深入了解其他不直接相关的轮生的作用生殖，如花萼和花萼。我们相信这项工作可以为葡萄花器官生长和果实发育的功能分析提供重要的基因组资源，为葡萄生殖器官测定的分子网络提供线索。