Thermal metamaterials are artificial materials used to manipulate heat flow in many applications, such as thermal protection, thermal camouflage, and precise temperature control. Most of the existing thermal metamaterials are mainly based on metal, which makes their fabrication complex and time-consuming, and limits their flexibility. Here, we show a strategy to simplify the fabrication process, improve machining accuracy, and realize flexibility in thermal metasurfaces. Our proposed thermal metasurface is fabricated by laser engraving of copper-graphene coating surface, utilizing graphene coating with high thermal conductivity instead of the traditional filling materials of low thermal conductivity. It maintains the integrity of copper substrate, giving the metasurface a good heat dispersion. Controlled temperature gradient patterns are established, and the metasurface can be bent without changing its features, except for a slight variation in its thermal gradient. Finally, its cloaking ability is demonstrated by camouflaging the same heat source in the shape of different objects. Our designed metasurface mitigates the limitations in design and fabrication of existing thermal metamaterials, and can be used in applications requiring large flexibility, thermal illusion, and large thermal gradients on small scales.

热超材料是人造材料，用于在许多应用中操纵热流，例如热保护、热伪装和精确温度控制。大多数现有的热超材料主要基于金属，这使得它们的制造复杂且耗时，并且限制了它们的灵活性。在这里，我们展示了一种简化制造过程、提高加工精度和实现热超表面灵活性的策略。我们提出的热超表面是通过铜-石墨烯涂层表面的激光雕刻制成的，利用具有高导热性的石墨烯涂层代替传统的低导热性填充材料。它保持了铜基板的完整性，使超表面具有良好的散热性。建立了受控的温度梯度模式，并且超表面可以弯曲而不改变其特征，除了其热梯度的轻微变化。最后，通过将相同的热源伪装成不同物体的形状来展示其隐身能力。我们设计的超表面减轻了现有热超材料设计和制造的局限性，可用于需要大灵活性、热错觉和小尺度大热梯度的应用。