In response to emerging infectious diseases, such as the recent pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), it is critical to quickly identify and understand responsible pathogens, risk factors, host immune responses, and pathogenic mechanisms at both the molecular and cellular levels. The recent development of multiomic technologies, including genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and single-cell transcriptomics, has enabled a fast and panoramic grasp of the pathogen and the disease. Here, we systematically reviewed the major advances in the virology, immunology, and pathogenic mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection that have been achieved via multiomic technologies. Based on well-established cohorts, omics-based methods can greatly enhance the mechanistic understanding of diseases, contributing to the development of new diagnostics, drugs, and vaccines for emerging infectious diseases, such as COVID-19.

为了应对新出现的传染病，例如最近由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 引起的 2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 大流行，快速识别和了解致病病原体、危险因素至关重要、宿主免疫反应以及分子和细胞水平上的致病机制。包括基因组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学和单细胞转录组学在内的多组学技术的最新发展使得人们能够快速、全面地了解病原体和疾病。在这里，我们系统地回顾了通过多组学技术在 SARS-CoV-2 感染的病毒学、免疫学和致病机制方面取得的主要进展。基于成熟的队列，基于组学的方法可以极大地增强对疾病机制的理解，有助于开发针对新出现的传染病（例如 COVID-19）的新诊断方法、药物和疫苗。