Graphene oxide/TiO₂ (GO/TiO₂) composites were prepared from four Ti precursors, namely, ammonium hexaflourotitanate (AHFT), titanium(IV) chloride, titanium(IV) isopropoxide, and titanium(IV) butoxide. These composites were used to determine the precursor dependence of the gas sensing ability of GO/TiO₂ composites using quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated that the non-annealed TiO₂ obtained from AHFT has the highest crystallinity of the anatase phase. Further, the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic analyses confirmed that F and N present in the precursor has been attached to the specific sites of the TiO₂ surface via ligand exchange reactions but not substituted into the TiO₂ lattice. Although TiO₂ alone does not show significant gas adsorption ability, when GO is modified with TiO₂, the replacement of surface hydroxyl groups by fluoride groups on the TiO₂ surface aids for increased gas adsorption due to the presence of additional surface-active sites. The results conclude that among different TiO₂ precursor materials used for the GO/TiO₂ composite preparation, the composite prepared with AHFT has the highest vapor sensing ability. The sensitivity of the composite functionalized QCM resonator for the EtOH vapor ranged from 20,000 ppm to 12 ppm. In this sensor, the GO amount in the range between 30% and 50% gives the highest sensor sensitivity for all the gases and vapors examined. It was found that a single sensor for different gases can be prepared using the same materials in the composite but with different mass ratios.

氧化石墨烯/TiO ₂ (GO/TiO ₂ )复合材料由四种Ti前驱体制备，即六氟钛酸铵(AHFT)、氯化钛(IV)、异丙醇钛(IV)和丁醇钛(IV)。这些复合材料用于使用石英晶体微天平 (QCM)确定 GO/TiO ₂复合材料的气敏能力的前体依赖性。X射线衍射（XRD）分析表明，从AHFT获得的未退火的TiO ₂具有最高的锐钛矿相结晶度。此外，X 射线光电子能谱 (XPS) 和傅里叶变换红外 (FT-IR) 光谱分析证实前驱体中的 F 和 N 已附着在 TiO ₂的特定位点上表面通过配体交换反应，但没有取代进入 TiO ₂晶格。虽然单独的TiO ₂没有表现出显着的气体吸附能力，但是当用 TiO ₂修饰 GO 时，由于存在额外的表面活性位点，TiO ₂表面上的氟基团取代表面羟基有助于增加气体吸附。结果得出结论，在用于 GO/TiO _{2 的}不同 TiO ₂前体材料中，复合材料制备，AHFT制备的复合材料具有最高的蒸汽传感能力。复合功能化 QCM 谐振器对 EtOH 蒸气的灵敏度范围为 20,000 ppm 至 12 ppm。在该传感器中，GO 量在 30% 到 50% 之间的范围内为所有检测的气体和蒸汽提供了最高的传感器灵敏度。发现可以使用复合材料中的相同材料但具有不同质量比来制备用于不同气体的单个传感器。