Plastic pollution is the biggest threat to marine ecosystem owing to its high rates of disposal and low recovery from the environment. Due to inefficiency in degradation, most of plastic is fragmented into microplastics that are reported as ubiquitous toxicants in marine environment. The abundance of toxic microplastics in marine ecosystem causes adverse impacts on aquatic flora and fauna including oceans, lakes, rivers, coastal areas, and seas. This aggravates its toxicity and induces genomic instability, oxidative stress and disruption of marine organisms. Hence, it is necessary to understand the potential sources, types and behaviour of microplastic in marine environment. In this review, considering the pollution of aquatic ecosystem, major contributors of microplastics in marine environment along with their classification are brought out. Also, behaviour mechanisms of microplastics including physical, chemical and biological behaviours together with their ecological and toxicological impacts on marine ecosystem are illustrated. Finally, the remediation measures to combat against toxic microplastic pollution in aquatic ecosystem are highlighted to bring out an instant remedy for the environment.

塑料污染是海洋生态系统面临的最大威胁，因为其处置率高且从环境中回收率低。由于降解效率低下，大多数塑料被分解成微塑料，据报道这些微塑料在海洋环境中无处不在。海洋生态系统中大量有毒微塑料对海洋、湖泊、河流、沿海地区和海洋等水生动植物群造成不利影响。这会加剧其毒性并导致基因组不稳定、氧化应激和海洋生物的破坏。因此，有必要了解海洋环境中微塑料的潜在来源、类型和行为。在这篇综述中，考虑到水生生态系统的污染，提出了海洋环境中微塑料的主要贡献者及其分类。还，阐述了微塑料的行为机制，包括物理、化学和生物行为，以及它们对海洋生态系统的生态和毒理学影响。最后，重点介绍了针对水生生态系统中有毒微塑料污染的修复措施，为环境带来了即时补救。