Giant cell tumor (GCT) of the bone is a locally aggressive and rarely metastasizing neoplasm. It is composed of neoplastic mononuclear stromal cells with a monotonous appearance admixed with macrophages and osteoclast-like giant cells. In a small subset of cases, GCT is malignant. Terminology previously related to this entity, and which is no longer supported by the World Health Organization, includes osteoclastoma and benign fibrous histiocytoma (BFH). Giant cells occur in numerous other pathologic conditions of the bone, which accounts for the misrepresentation of these non-GCT tumors in the early literature. Non-ossifying fibroma (NOF), aneurysmal bone cyst, and chondroblastoma have been erroneously labeled GCT for this reason. A single description of an ancient GCT was reported by Brothwell and Sandison and subsequently mentioned by Aufderheide and Rodrìguez-Martìn who were astonished that more of these tumors had not been identified in archaeological cases. To the best of our knowledge, no other cases of ancient GCT have been cited in the paleopathology literature. The study of this type of neoplasm in antiquity can be used as a means to better understand its characteristics and behavior and to expand the depth of time of the etiology of these lesions. We report a case of GCT of the left femur observed following the total body CT imaging of a partially mummified adult female, dating to eighteenth century.

骨巨细胞瘤 (GCT) 是一种局部侵袭性且很少转移的肿瘤。它由外观单调的肿瘤性单核基质细胞与巨噬细胞和破骨细胞样巨细胞组成。在一小部分病例中，GCT 是恶性的。以前与该实体相关且世界卫生组织不再支持的术语包括破骨细胞瘤和良性纤维组织细胞瘤 (BFH)。巨细胞出现在骨骼的许多其他病理状况中，这解释了早期文献中对这些非 GCT 肿瘤的误传。由于这个原因，非骨化纤维瘤 (NOF)、动脉瘤性骨囊肿和软骨母细胞瘤被错误地标记为 GCT。Brothwell 和 Sandison 报道了对古代 GCT 的单一描述，随后 Aufderheide 和 Rodrìguez-Martìn 提到了这些肿瘤，他们惊讶地发现更多的这些肿瘤没有在考古案例中被发现。据我们所知，古病理学文献中没有引用其他古代 GCT 的案例。古代对这类肿瘤的研究可以作为一种手段，更好地了解其特征和行为，并扩大这些病变病因的时间深度。我们报告了一例左股骨 GCT 病例，该病例是在对一名部分木乃伊化的成年女性进行全身 CT 成像后观察到的，可追溯到 18 世纪。古病理学文献中没有引用其他古代 GCT 的案例。古代对这类肿瘤的研究可以作为一种手段，更好地了解其特征和行为，并扩大这些病变病因的时间深度。我们报告了一例左股骨 GCT 病例，该病例是在对一名部分木乃伊化的成年女性进行全身 CT 成像后观察到的，可追溯到 18 世纪。古病理学文献中没有引用其他古代 GCT 的案例。古代对这类肿瘤的研究可以作为一种手段，更好地了解其特征和行为，并扩大这些病变病因的时间深度。我们报告了一例左股骨 GCT 病例，该病例是在对一名部分木乃伊化的成年女性进行全身 CT 成像后观察到的，可追溯到 18 世纪。